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Principles Of Artificial Intelligence Question Paper
Principles Of Artificial Intelligence
Course:Bachelor Of Science In Information Technology
Institution: Masinde Muliro University Of Science And Technology question papers
Exam Year:2010
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011
SECOND YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
BIT 2103: PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
DATE: DECEMBER 2010 TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions
QUESTION ONE (30 Marks)
a) briefly explain the meaning of the following terms
i) ‘Artificial Intelligence ‘ [2 Marks]
ii) State space [2 Marks]
iii) Kinesthetic intelligence [2 Marks]
b) . Answer the following questions by indicating whether the statements are True (T) or False (F).
[5 Marks]
1. ¬P ? Q ? R ; where P and R have truth value F, and Q has truth value T
2. ¬(P ? Q) ? (P ? R) ; where P, Q and R have truth value T
3. A rational intelligent agent acts in such a way as to minimize its expected value of performance
measure given the percept sequence to date.
4. "Two primary school children, Dennis and Sarut are playing the Tic-tac-toe game. Dennis
makes the first move (starts the game)."The minimum number of moves Sarut could make is 2
for Dennis to win the game.
5. Draughts (checkers) and Scrabble are both deterministic games.
c) Translate the following statements into predicate logic [4 Marks]
2
i. “Everything in the garden is lovely”
ii. " No one likes brussel sprouts”
d) . Consider the search tree shown below. The two nodes with heuristic = 0 are goal states.
i) Using the (blind) depth-first search algorithm, give the sequence of nodes expanded before a goal
state is reached. What is the path cost and the solution of the path? [4 Marks]
ii).Using the greedy search algorithm, give the sequence of nodes expanded before a goal state is
reached. What is the solution path and what is its path cost? [3 Marks]
f) Explain any two characteristics of an expert system [2 Marks]
g). briefly explain any three challenges of using natural language for knowledge representation.
[3 Marks]
h). briefly explain the meaning of the term ‘mobile agents’. Give one example [2 Marks]
i) Define the term ‘heuristics’ as used in artificial intelligence [1 Mark]
QUESTION TWO (OPTION)
a) Describe the meaning of the term "knowledge base" [2 Marks]
b) State and explain five elements of a search problem in artificial intelligence. [5 Marks]
c) State and explain any two methods of representing knowledge. Give one example for each case
[4 Marks]
(iii) State and explain three characteristics of a good knowledge representation technique [3 Marks]
d) Briefly describe the following terms. Use examples to illustrate your answers [6 Marks]
i) Inference
ii) Backward chaining
iii) Forward chaining
QUESTION THREE (OPTION)
(a) Explain the meaning of the term “intelligent agent ". [2Marks]
(b)Describe any three methods of acquiring of knowledge. Give one example for each [6 Marks]
c). Describe the stages that must be undertaken in the process of acquiring knowledge. [5 Marks]
d).Briefly explain two assumptions of knowledge representation. Give one example for each
assumption [4Marks]
e). briefly explain any three reasons why it is a difficult step in knowledge engineering. [3 Marks]
QUESTION FOUR (OPTION)
a) Outline four differences between an agent and other software. [4 Marks]
b) Briefly describe four types of agent’s environments [4 Marks]
c) State and explain two types of agents [4 Marks]
d) Describe the two principles of The Alpha-Beta values that are used during pruning in min max
algorithm [2 Marks]
e). You are given an expert system with several rules pertaining to the interpersonal skills of a job applicant
R1: if the applicant answers questions in straight forward manner then she is easy to converse with R2: If the applicant seems honest then she answers in straight forward manner.
R3: If the applicant has item on her resume that are found to be untrue then she does not have honest.
R4: If the applicant is able to arrange an appointment with the executive assistant then she is able to strike up a conversation with the executive assistant.
R5: IF the applicant strikes up a conversation with the executive assistant and the applicant is easy to converse with then she is amiable.
R6: If the applicant has adequate interpersonal skills. Then we will offer her the job.
Solve the following problems:
i) Assume that the applicant does not have any items or her resume that are found to be untrue and that
she is able to arrange an appointment with the executive assistant. Run a forward chain analysis to find out whether we will offer her a job. [2 Marks]
ii) It is known that the applicant answers questions in straight forward manner. Run backward chain analysis to find out whether we will offer a job to the applicant. [2 Marks]
iii) We have just discovered that the applicant was able to arrange an appointment with the executive assistant. It is also known that she is honest. Doest she have interpersonal skills? [2 Marks]
QUESTION FIVE (OPTION)
a) Consider the following search problem:
A farmer and his wolf, goat, and cabbage come to the north side of a river that they wish to cross.
There is a boat, but it has only room for two, and the farmer is the only one that can cross alone. If the goat and the cabbage are left alone together, the goat will eat the cabbage. Similarly, if the wolf and the goat are together without the farmer, the goat will be eaten.
i). Devise a series of crossings of the river so that all concerned makes it across safely. [4 Marks]
ii).Define the problem by specifying state space, initial state, and path cost, goal state, rules and
start state. [6 Marks]
b) Describe hill climbing search strategy. Give one example using well labelled diagram to illustrate
your answer [4 Marks]
c) Briefly explain three problems of hill climbing algorithm and describe possible solution for each
problem [6 Marks]
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