Artificial Intelligence Question Paper
Artificial Intelligence
Course:Bachelor Of Computer Science
Institution: Kabarak University question papers
Exam Year:2009
KABARAK UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
2009/2010 ACADEMIC YEAR
FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COURSE CODE: COMP 413
COURSE TITLE: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
STREAM: Y4S1
DAY: TUESDAY
TIME: 2.00 – 4.00 P.M.
DATE: 08/12/2009
INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer The First Question and any Other Two Questions.
Question 1 (30 Marks)
(a). Define the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ according to;
(i). The Turing test (ii). Any other researcher (3 Marks)
(b). (i). Explain any example of intelligent agents. Also give the possible input, output and the
main goal. (3 Marks)
(ii). Explain three characteristics of an intelligent agent. (3 Marks)
(c). There are key behaviors that artificial intelligence try to copy from humans. List any six of
them. (3 Marks)
(d). Briefly describe any three knowledge representation methods. (6 Marks)
(e). Explain what the following artificial intelligence research areas deal with. Also give an area
of application of each.
(i). Voice recognition (ii). Neural networks (iii). Robots (6 Marks)
(f). Explain the meanings of the following searching terms.
(i). A goal (ii). A solution (iii). A heuristic (iv). Tree pruning (4 Marks)
(g). Each of the following characters has a special meaning in Prolog programming language.
State the work of each.
(i) . (ii) _ (iii) = (iv) ; (2 Marks)
Question 2 (20 Marks)
(a). Consider the rule “If you have malaria, then you have high temperature”. Use the truth table
to proof that the rule;
(i). Means that if you don’t have high temperature, then you don’t have malaria.
(ii). Does not mean that if you have high temperature, then you have malaria. (4 Marks)
(b). (i). Explain three reasons as to why natural language processing is a challenge to
researchers. Use an example of a natural (human) language sentence for each reason.
(4.5 Marks)
(ii). Describe three approaches that researchers use to solve the above (in part (i))
challenges. Base your answer in the examples in part (i). (4.5 Marks)
(iii). Explain the difference between syntactic analysis and semantic analysis. Give
appropriate examples. (3 Marks)
(iv). Write a Prolog program to illustrate how sentence is parsed during natural language
processing. (4 Marks)
Question 3 (20 Marks)
(a). Symbolize the following sentences in predicate logic.
(I). Susan is a person.
(II). Paul is son to Daniel.
(III). If it’s raining, then it’s cold.
(IV). Ann is the tallest person. (3 Marks)
(b). A dice (six sided figure numbered 1, 2, …, 6) is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting;
(i). At least a 2. (ii). Two 2’s (3 Marks)
(c). Describe an application of fuzzy logic. (3 Marks)
(d). (i). Give four criteria used to determine the appropriateness of a searching technique.
(2 Marks)
(ii). Briefly describe the following searching techniques.
(I). The Greedy BestFs search technique.
(II). The A* search technique. (3 Mark)
(iii). Consider the following tree showing nodes as well as cost of reaching a node from the
previous one. The problem is searching for the goal node.
Assume: Initial Node=5, Goal Node=30.
Question: Obtain the solution using;
(I). Greedy Best FS strategy whereby h(n)=Absolute(Goal-n).
(II). A* strategy whereby f(n)=g(n)+h(n), g(n)=cost to reach node n,
h(n)=Absolute(goal-n). (3 Marks)
(e). Consider the following program.
x(A, B, C):- ((A\==B); C is 0), ( (A==B); C is 1).
Required: Write down the output of the program for the following queries. (3 Marks)
(i). x(2, 8, M). (ii). x( 4, 4, 1). (iii). x(3, 1, 1).
(iv). x( 8, 8, R). (v). x(7, 2, r). (vi). x(5, 5, 0).
Question 4 (20 Marks)
(a). Write notes to describe why vision is a big challenge to artificial intelligence researchers.
(6 Marks)
(b). (i). Give two differences between propositional logic and predicate logic. (2 Marks)
(ii). Write a prolog program named ‘identical’ that receives two objects and returns
• 1 if the two objects are identical
• 0 if otherwise. (2 Marks)
(iii). Assume your are running the above program (in part b(ii)). Write down the output of
the following Prolog queries.
(I). identical(m, n, 0) (II). identical(a, b, T)
(III). identical(5, 5, A) (IV). identical(e, r, 1) (2 Marks)
(c). Consider the following passage concerning a person named ‘Jack’.
“If it’s time for holiday, Jack either stays at home, or goes for a tour. If he stays at home,
then he is broke. Being broke implies that he has no money. The period of April is a time for
holiday, and Tom must have money during this period. Whenever Tom goes for a tour, it’s
either mountain climbing or visiting the beaches. Tom does not do mountain climbing during
April.
Required
(i). Represent the above knowledge using the appropriate AI logic. (4 Marks)
(ii). Assume it’s in April. Does Tom do visit the beaches? Perform a chaining technique.
(4 Marks)
Question 5 (20 Marks)
(a). What are expert systems? List the main components of a typical expert system.
(4 Marks)
(b). Expert systems can be classified into various areas of applications. Describe three of those
areas, giving an example for each. (9 Marks)
(c). Consider the following knowledgebase showing symptoms of diseases, as well as medicines
recommended for diseases.
symptom(cholera,vomiting).
symptom(cholera,diarrhoea).
symptom(cholera,headache).
symptom(malaria,joint_pain).
symptom(malaria,headache).
symptom(malaria,high_temperature).
symptom(flu,high_temperature).
medicine(cholera,medA).
medicine(cholera,medB).
medicine(malaria,medC).
medicine(malaria,medB).
medicine(flu,medD).
Required
(i). Write the possible values of variables A and T for the following queries. (2 Marks)
(I). 4 ?- symptom(A, B), symptom(T, B), not(A=T).
(II). 5 ?- medicine(A, B), medicine(T, B), not(A=T).
(ii). Define the following rules. (3 Marks)
(I). common_symptom(DisA, DisB) that determines any two diseases (DisA, DisB)
that have same symptom.
(II). Medicine_symptom(Med, Sym) that determines that Med is a medicine
associated with symptom Sym.
(iii). Considering the rules in part (ii) above, write the output of the following queries.
(2 Marks)
(I). 6 ?- medicine_symptom(medD, B).
(II). 7?- medicine_symptom(medC, vomiting)
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