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Envs 122 2009/2010 Academic Year Question Paper

Envs 122 2009/2010 Academic Year

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Environmental Science

Institution: Kabarak University question papers

Exam Year:2009

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Answer All questions in Section A.
2. Answer Three questions only in Section B
3. Use diagrams wherever applicable

SECTION A: (40 MARKS)

1. a) Distinguish between the following terms:
i) Second line therapy and combination therapy
ii) Co-infection and superinfection
iii) Viral tropism and pathogenicity (6 mks)

b) Give three fundamental differences between a virus and bacteria. (3 mks)

2. a) Describe the structure of an HIV virus (3 mks)

b) Explain briefly the origin of HIV virus. (3 mks)

c) Define the term HAART, hence explain why it has not achieved optimal results.
(3 mks)

3. a) State eight advantages of HIV testing? (4 mks)

b) What measures can be taken to avoid opportunistic infections associated
with AIDS. (3 mks)

b) What safer sex practices can be used to prevent the spread of HIV-1. (5 mks)

4. a) Explain the following AIDS-defining conditions:
i) Weight loss ii) Candidiasis (4 mks)

b) Name the classes of antiretrovirals, indicating their modes of action. (6 mks)

SECTION B: (20 MARKS)

4. Describe the clinical changes occurring in the course of HIV-1 infection. (10 mks)

5. Describe the life cycle of HIV-1 virus. (10 mks)

6. Discuss the impact of HIV /AIDS on households in sub-Saharan Africa. (10 mks)

Envs 122 2009/2010 Academic Year Question Paper

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