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Envs 221:Marine And Coastal Environments March 2010 Question Paper

Envs 221:Marine And Coastal Environments March 2010

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Environmental Science

Institution: Kabarak University question papers

Exam Year:2010

KABARAK UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
2009/2010 ACADEMIC YEAR
FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

COURSE CODE: ENVS 221

INSTRUCTIONS:
Attempt all questions in section A and any two in section B
Total Marks = 60%

SECTION A: (40 MARKS) – Answer ALL questions in this section

1.
a. Differentiate between
i. plankton and nekton and give an example of each (3 marks)
ii. Spring tide and neap tide (2 marks)
iii. Marine macro- algae and sea grasses (2 marks)

b. describe the significance of the following in marine ecosystems
i. currents (2 marks)
ii. marine macrophytes (2 marks)

2.
a. Define and explain the significance of thermocline in aquatic systems.(3 marks)

b. Define coral bleaching and explain its consequences (4 marks)

c. Explain the cause and significance of upwellings in world oceans (3marks)

3.
a. State 4 main primary producers in the ocean (2 marks)
b. Describe how light affects marine productivity (3 marks)
c. Explain why the neritic zone is highly productive and state the main problem
encountered by organisms in this zone (3 marks)

4.
a. Describe how mangroves are adapted to survive in waterlogged anaerobic
habitats (2 marks)

b. Discuss causes and consequences of degradation of mangrove ecosystems
(4 marks)

5.
a. Illustrate the main marine environments based on light penetration (3 marks)

b. State 4 feeding adaptations in deep sea environments (2 marks)

SECTION B: (20 MARKS) – Answer Any TWO questions in this section

6. Describe the principal conditions affecting life in the intertidal zone and describe
mechanisms by which intertidal organisms cope with these environmental conditions
(10 marks)

7. Describe principal factors determining growth of coral reefs and explain how
arthropogenic activities in the coastal zone affect coral reef ecosystems (10 marks)

8. Discuss human activities that have negative effects on the Kenyan coastal and marine
ecosystems and suggest ways to alleviate these effects (10 marks)

Envs 221:Marine And Coastal Environments March 2010 Question Paper

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