Dcmm 211:Clinical Pathology Question Paper
Dcmm 211:Clinical Pathology
Course:Clinical Medicine
Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers
Exam Year:2013
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (DCMM 211) 1ST TRIMESTER 2013
KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY
END OF 1''ST ''TRIMESTER 2013 EXAMINATION
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : CLINICAL MEDICINE
UNIT CODE : DCMM 211
UNIT TITLE : CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
TIME : 2 HOURS
Question One
Features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia include:
* Hypoaldostaronism
* Hirsutism
* Cuhsing syndrome
* Precaucrous puberty
* Masculinization
Question Two
Features of hypothyroidism include
* Weight gain
* Fine tremors
* Hyperactivity
* Common in grave’s disease
* Palpitations
Question Three
Complications of sickle cell disease include
* Aseptic arthritis
* Priapism
* Cerebrovascular accidents
* Splenomegaly at 20 years
* Folate overload
Question Four
Hormones produced by the adrenal medulla include
* Aldosterone
* Angiotensin
* Androgen
* Adrenaline
* Cortisol
Question five
Adverse effects of longterm steroid use include
* Peptic ulcer disease
* Glucose intolerance
* Osteoporosis
* Depression
* Immunosupression
Question Six
Features of type 2 diabetes include
* Has no genetic predisposition
* Oral hypoglycaemics have no role in management
* Common in childhood
* Associated with the metabolic syndrome
* Associated with tumor lysis syndrome
Question Seven
Causes of megaloblastic anaemia include
* Lymphomas
* Folate deficiency
* Anaemia of chronic disease
* Sickle cell anaemia
* Haemolytic anaemia
Question Eight
Causes of hypopituitarism include
* Irradiation
* Severe head injury
* Conn’s syndrome
* Sheehan’s syndrome
* Pituitary adenomac
Question Nine
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
* Are more aggressive than non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
* Commonly affect Neutrophils
* Main mode of treatment is surgical
* Include Burkitt’s lymphoma
* Associated with Reed sterburg cells
Question Ten
Patients with leukemia present with
* Microlytic anaemia
* Hypercellular bone marrow
* Tumor lysis syndrome
* Recurrent upper respiratory infections
* Bleeding tendencies
Question Eleven
Effects of insulin in the body include
* Increased lipolysis
* Increased glycogenesis
* Reduced glycolysis
* Increased protein synthesis
* Increased lipogenesis
Question Twelve
Management principles of sickle cell disease
* Prophylactic antibiotics
* Iron supplementations
* Hydoxyurea use
* Routine antimalarials use
* Routine vaccination against encapsulated bacteria
Question Thirteen
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary include
* Vasopressin
* Growth hormone
* Oxytocin
* Thyroid hormone
* Aldosterone
Question Fourteen
Glycagon
* Causes hypoglycemia
* Produced by pancreatic beta cells
* Forms part of the exocrine gland of the pancreas
* Produced during hyperglycemia
* Function is similar to insulin
Question Fifteen
Concerning thalassaemia
* Inherited as a sex linked trait
* Associated with macrocytic anaemia
* Patients may present with tossing of skull
* Hydrops foetalis is compartible with life
* Is a qualitative defect of haemoglobin
Question Sixteen
Causes of secondary hyper parathyroidism include
* Parathyroid adenoma
* Chronic renal failure
* Pituitary adenoma
* Cushings syndrome
* May occur post thyroidectomy
Question Seventeen
Chronic leukaemias
* Move common in children
* Consists mainly of immature blast cells
* Main form of treatment is surgical
* Can cause massive splenomegaly
* May convert to acute leukaemias
Question Eighteen
Haemophilia
* Has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern
* Type B is due to factor 7 deficiency
* Associated with haemothrosis
* Occurs due to defect in thrombin
* Patients are at an increased risk of subdural haematoma
Question Nineteen
Elements necessary in thyroid hormone synthesis include
* Iron
* Calcium
* Folate
* Iodine
* Tyrosine
Question Twenty
Tumor lysis syndrome
* Allopurinol plays a role in its management
* Associated with hyperkalemia
* Rehydration plays no role in management
* Opioids are a mainstay in management
* Rarely presents with electrolyte imbalances
SECTION B: (5 MARKS EACH)
Question One
List five causes of bone marrow failure
Question Two
Outline complications associated with leukemias
Question Three
Outline the effects of calcitriol in calcium metabolism
Question Four
List five causes of leucocytosis
Question Five
List investigations done in burkitt’s lymphoma
Question Six
Outline causes of polycythaemia
Question Seven
List five types of sickling crisis
Question Eight
Briefly discuss the effects of growth hormone
Question Nine
Define the following terms and their normal ranges
* Mean capusular volume
(2.5 Marks)
* Packed cell volume
(2.5 Marks)
Question Ten
Briefly outline complications associated with hemophilia
SECTION C (25 Marks Each)
Question One
Discuss the process by which glucose levels are regulated in the body.
Question Two
Discuss the hypothalamo – pituitary gland axis as involved in endocrine haemostasis.
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