Dcmm 221:Clinical Pathology Question Paper
Dcmm 221:Clinical Pathology
Course:Clinical Medicine
Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers
Exam Year:2011
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (DCMM 221) 3RD TRIMESTER 2011
KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY
END OF 3''RD ''TRIMESTER 2011 EXAMINATIONS
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : CLINICAL MEDICINE & SURGERY
UNIT CODE : DCMM 221
UNIT TITLE : CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
TIME : 3 HOURS
Instructions: Attempt ALL the Questions.
Question One
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary include;
* Calcitonin
* Growth hormone
* Prolactin
* Vasopressin
* Oxytocin
Question Two
Counter regulatory hormones in glucose metabolism include:
* Epinephrine
* Cortisal
* Aldosterone
* Growth hormone
* Follicular stimulating hormone
Question Three
Effects of insulin in the body include:
* Glycogenesis
* Protein synthesis
* Glycogenolysis
* Lipid synthesis
* Hyperglycaemia
Question Four
Effects of parathroid hormones (PTH) include:
* Increased reabsorption of sodium
* Reasorption of calcium from bone
* Increased phosphate reabsorption
* Enhancing the action of calcitriol
* Decreased calcium reabsorption from the kidneys
Question Five
Causes of primary hyperthydroidism includes:
* Pituitary adenoma
* Graves disease
* Thyroid adenoma
* Renal failure
* Sheehan’s syndrome
Question Six
Effects of cortisol include:
* Increased glucose levels
* Increased protein synthesis
* Fat redistribution
* May lead to reduced immunity
* May cause fluid retention
Question Seven
Causes of cushings syndrome include
* Prolonged oral steroid use
* Adrenal medulla tunour
* Pituitary ADH secreting adenoma
* Paraneoplastic Syndrome
* Hypothyroidism
Question Eight
Conn’s Syndrome
* Due to increased cortisol production
* Due to increased aldesterone production
* Associated with fluid retention
* May cause hyperkalemia
* Associated with hyponatrauma
Question Nine
Causes of pituitary gland failure include:
* Sheeham’s syndrome
* Trauma (Severe head injury)
* Irradiation to the skull
* Pituatary adenoma
* None of the above
Question Ten
Features of addisons disease include:
* Hyperkalemia
* Hypernatraemia
* Increased cortisol levels
* Hypercalcaemia
* Anaemia
Question Eleven
Features of type 1 diabetes mellitus include:
(a) Mainly treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents.
(b) More common in the young
(c)Has no genetic predisposition
(d) Urinalysis may have a role in diagnosis and management
(e) Some drugs may worsen the hyperglycaemia
Question Twelve
Causes of iron deficiency anemia include;
* Vitamin B12 deficiency
* Peptic ulcer disease
* Hookworms
* Menorrhagia
* Fish tapeworm
Question Thirteen
Features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia include:
* Delayed puberty
* Precaucious puberty
* Hirsutism
* Oligomemorrhea in women
* Increased libido in men
Question Fourteen
Features of hypothyroidism include
* Increased appetite
* Weight gain
* Depression
* Oligomenorrhea
* May be due to iodine deficiency
Question Fifteen
Effects of calcitriol include:
* Increased calcium absorption in kidneys
* Increased sodium absorption from intestines
* Deposition of calcium from serum to bone
* Levels may reduce in chronic renal failure
* Levels may be reduced in rickets
Question Sixteen
Aldosterone:
* Produced by the adrenal medulla
* Potent vasoconstrictor
* Leads to increased potassium loss
* Causes sodium retention
* Hyporolciemia stimulates its production
Question Seventeen
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
* Increases water retention
* Produced by the anterior pituitary
* Is a potent vasodilator
* Deficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus
* Produced when there is increased osmolality
Question Eighteen
Features of megalobastic anaemia include:
* Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
* Increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)
* Associated with pernicious anemia
* May be due to bone marrow suppression
* May be due to folate deficiency
Question Nineteen
Causes of bone marrow suppression include
* Irradiation
* Leukaemia s
* Use of cytotoxic mecation
* Use of steroids
* Iron deficiency
Question Twenty
Features of phaeocromacytoma include:
* Tachycardia
* Hypertension
* Arrhytmias
* Palpitations
* Haematuria
SAQ (5 MARKS)
Question One
List FIVE feature of hyperthyroidism
Question Two
List FIVE effects of calcithol (activated vitamin D)
Question Three
Briefly classify the leukaemias
Question Four
Briefly discuss the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.
Question Five
Outline causes of hyperparathyroidism
Question Six
Discuss clinical presentation of thalassaemia
Question Seven
Briefly outline the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Question Eight
List causes of microcytic Hypochromic anaemia.
Question Nine
List the features of leukaemia.
Question Ten
List the effects of the insulin counter regulatory hormones in the body.
LAQ
Question One
Discuss the complications of steroids overuse. (20 Marks)
Question Two
Discuss the different types of anaemia and their causes. (20 Marks)
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