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Hsmu 131:Epidemiology And Demography Question Paper

Hsmu 131:Epidemiology And Demography

Course:Health Systems

Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers

Exam Year:2013

KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY

END OF 2''ND ''TRIMESTER 2013 (EVENING) EXAMINATION
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : HEALTH SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND MEDICAL
EDUCATION
UNIT CODE : HSMU 131
UNIT TITLE : EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHY FOR HEALTH
SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL Questions in Section A and Only TWO

Questions in Section B

SECTION A

Question One
The Host-Agent Environment model is used in epidemiology to describe disease occurrence. Giving relevant examples discuss the THREE components of this model in relation to health commodities. (10marks)

Question Two

Table 1 shows approximate population data for central province for the calendar year 1999 (all figs. In 000)
Population beginning of 1999 225,631
Population end of 1999 327,348
Births during 1999 4,768
Deaths during 1999 3,552

Using the table above compute the following:

Growth increase during 1999

(2marks)

Natural increase during 1999

(2marks)

Estimates mid year population 1999

(2marks)

Crude rate of natural increase 1999

(2marks)

Crude growth rate % 1999

(2marks)

Question Three
Explain how you can make use of knowledge on epidemiology in health care financing. (10marks)

Question Four
a) Describe FOUR main sources of mortality data. (4marks)
b) Briefly describe the spectrum of disease and clearly state how knowledge
of each stage can be used to better manage health. (6marks)

SECTION B

Question Five
a) In a population of 700 people of whom 100 had hearing problems and 600 did not, an audiometer was used to screen the population and the results indicated that so of the patients with disease and indicated that so of the patients with disease and 140 of these without the disease were labeled as positive by the screening method.
i) Summarize this information in a 2x2 contingency table. (2marks)
ii) Calculate the sensitivity of the screening method. (2marks)
iii) Calculate the specificity of the screening method. (2marks)
iv) Calculate the positive predictive value. (2marks)
v) Highlight the significance of management of health systems in
relation to the false positives and false negatives giving relevant examples. (7marks)
b) Write an essay on the attributes used to evaluate a screening test in
relation to disease issues. (15marks)

Question Six

As a newly employed health research manager, briefly explain what types of epidemiological studies you would think of in order to describe the association between the occurrence of disease and factors that influence the occurrence.
(30marks)

Question Seven
a) All countries population can be classified into one of FOUR major age population structures based on their progression through the demographic transition. This is the decades long shift that many countries have followed from high mortality and fertility to longer life expectancies and later to smaller families, Identify four age population structures and clearly explain how they impact on health of a country.
(20marks)
b) Discuss the implication of population ageing on management of health systems. (10marks)

Hsmu 131:Epidemiology And Demography Question Paper

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