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Iph 2205:Community Healthy Question Paper
Iph 2205:Community Healthy
Course:Bachelor Of Science In Public Health
Institution: Meru University Of Science And Technology question papers
Exam Year:2010
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question one and any other two questions
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
a) Define the following terms; (5 Marks)
i. Epidemic
ii. Infant mortality
iii. Prevalence
iv. Odds ratio
v. Sentinel cases
b) Describe five applications of epidemiology. (5 Marks)
c) In multiple regression analysis, what is the process for adjusting for potential
confounder? (5 Marks)
d) Compare and contrast cohort versus case-control studies. (5 Marks)
e) In a particular community, 115 persons in a population of 4,399 became ill with a
disease of unknown etiology. The 115 cases occurred in 77 households. The total
number of persons living in these 77 households was 424.
i. Calculate the overall attack rate in the community. (5 Marks)
ii. Calculate the secondary attack rate in the affected households, assuming that
only one case per household was a primary community acquired case.
(5 Marks)
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
Discuss the descriptive epidemiologic variables according to time, place and time. (20 Marks)
QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)
The following table shows the pellagra cases in South Carolina in 1920’s.
2
Number of cases for pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency) by sex, South Carolina 1920’s.
Pellagra
Yes No Total
Female A=46 B=1438 1484
Male C=18 D=1401 1419
a) Calculate the risk ratio of pellagra for females vs males. (5 Marks)
b) Calculate the odds ratio. (5 Marks)
c) In the same study, the risk of pellagra among mill workers was 0.9%. The risk among
those who did not work in the mill was 4.4%. Calculate the relative risk of pellagra
for mill workers versus non mill workers. (10 Marks)
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS)
The following figure shows age-standardized mortality form laryngeal cancer according to
the number of cigarettes smoked daily (Rothman etal). The equation for the regression line
is?? = 1.15 + 0.282??. These values refer to deaths per 10,000 person-years.
?? = 1.15 + 0.282??
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cigarettes smoked per day
a) What does the intercept 1.15 represent? (5 Marks)
Laryngeal
cancer deaths
/10,000
person-years
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
3
b) What does the regression line slope 0.282 indicate? (5 Marks)
c) From the regression line, estimate the mortality rate at 50 cigarettes daily (2.5
packs/day). (5 Marks)
d) Calculate the ratio for smokers versus non-smokers. (5 Marks)
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