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Sch2102:Atomic Structure Question Paper
Sch2102:Atomic Structure
Course:Bachelor Of Science
Institution: Meru University Of Science And Technology question papers
Exam Year:2014
QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS)
a) Define the following terms; i. Polar covalent bond ii. Non-polar covalent bond iii. Asymmetric alkene iv. Hybridization of orbitals v. Constitutional isomers. (5 Marks) b) Draw a line bond structure for buta-1,3-diene, indicate the hybridization of each carbon and predict the value of each bond angle. (5 Marks) c) Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds
i)
CH3
CH2CH3
Cl
2
ii) CH3CH2CHCH CH - CH3
CH3
iii) CH3CH2CH2 CH CH - C CH2 CH3
CH
CH3 CH2CH3
CH3 H3C CH3
iv CH3 CH CH2 I
CH3
v)
OHC H3
d) Eugenol, a major constituent in oil of cloves has a molar mass of 164.2g/mol. It is 73.14% C and 7.37% H. The remaining percentage is oxygen. What are the molecular and empirical formulaes of eugenol. (R.A.M of C = 12.011g, H= 1.008g, O= 16g). (6 Marks) e) Draw five isomers of the compound with the molecular formula C5H10 and give their IUPAC names. (5 Marks) f) Identify the hydrogen atoms in the following compounds as primary, secondary or tertiary.
CH3 CH2 CH CH3
CH3
(4 Marks)
QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)
a) Explain the following observations i. 3-methylpentane boils at a lower temperature that hexane. ii. 2-methylpentane melts at -154°?? whereas 2,3-dimethylbutane melts at -135°??
3
iii. Octane boils at a higher temperature than butane. iv. Ethane is a gas whereas heptane is a liquid at room temperature.
(8 Marks) b) Briefly describe the chlorination of propane. Use the relevant equations showing the reactants and products. (6 Marks) c) Write the propagation step leading to the formation of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) from chloromethane. (6 Marks)
QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS)
a) Bromination reactions of cyclohexene forms a trans-isomer as the sole product. Using the relevant mechanism and equations, give an explanation for this observation. (10 Marks) b) Write down the structural formulaes of the following compounds; i. Cyclopentane-1,4-diene ii. Cyclopentane carbaldehyde iii. 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylcycloheptane iv. 3-ethyl-4,7-dimethylnonane v. 3-propylhexa-1,4-diene (10 Marks)
QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) a) What is SP3 hybridization? Give an illustration. (4 Marks) b) Give the structure and the name of the product(s) for the following reactions.
i) CH3CH2CH=CHCH3+HBr
ether
ii) C=CH2 + H2O
H3C
H3C
CH3
OH
CrO3
H3O+
iii)
iv) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2C CH
H3O+
HgSO4
4
v)
CrO3, H3O+
Acetone,O0C
CH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH
CH3 O
(10 Marks)
c) What is the difference between molecular formular and empirical formular. Give examples. (4 Marks) d) efine aronio’s rule (2 Marks)
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