Pharmacology Ii Question Paper
Pharmacology Ii
Course:Bachelor Of Pharmacy
Institution: Kenyatta University question papers
Exam Year:2012
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2011/2012
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
PPB 320: PHARMACOLOGY II
DATE: Monday 26th March, 2012 TIME: 11.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Instructions:
1. Answer all questions
2. Each section must be answered in a separate answer booklet.
SECTION A
1.State two broad classifications of parasympatholytics. For each class, give one example. (4 marks)
2.Explain the mechanism through which organophosphorous compounds cause poisoning.
(3 marks)
3.Outline first line and second line agents used in the management of organophosphate
poisoning. (4 marks)
4.Give two muscarinic antagonists used as bronchodilators. (2 marks)
5.Outline three clinical uses of adrenergic neurotransmitters (3 marks)
6.Name 4 pharmacological actions of dopamine. (4marks)
7.Citing relevant examples, outline the possible sites of action of drugs that act on the parasympathetic system (10 marks)
8. Discuss five contraindications associated with the use of parasympatholytics.
(10 Marks)
SECTION B
1.Define ‘tolerance’ as it relates to sedative hypnotics and give the mechanisms through which it occurs. (5 marks)
2.Explain why patients experience nausea and vomiting in general anaesthesia. Give two
drugs used in its management. (5 marks)
3.Briefly state five indications of epidural anaesthesia.(5 marks)
4.Define conditioned (learned) insomnia and briefly outline four approaches for its
management. (5 marks)
5.a)Name the amino acid neurotransmitters and give the class to which each belongs.
(6 marks)
b) For each of the neurotransmitters above explain the mechanism of action. (14 marks)
SECTION C
1.State five non-psychiatric indications of antipsychotic agents, giving a drug example in each case.(5 marks)
2. List five signs or symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal. (5 marks)
3. Name the five classes of drugs used in the management of depression, for each class, give an example of a drug. (5 marks)
4. Outline clinical uses of sodium valproate (5 marks)
5.Explain the rationale for combining levodopa and carbidopa in the management of
Parkinson’s disease. (5 marks)
6. Outline five approaches for prophylaxis of migraine headaches? (5 marks)
7. Discuss seizure disorders under the following sections;
a) The mode of action of phenytoin in the management of seizures. (6 marks)
b) Describe the pharmacokinetic interaction between carbamazepine and haloperidol
(4 marks)
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