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Agriculture Paper 1 Question Paper
Agriculture Paper 1
Course:Secondary Level
Institution: Kcse question papers
Exam Year:2011
443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
JULY/AUGUST 2011
FORM FOUR CLUSTER EXAMINATION 2011
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A ( 30 MARKS)
1. – Mutual benefit between animals and crops
- Incase of failure of one the farmer can rely on the other.
- There is maximum utilization of farm labour.
- Animal wastes can be used to generate biogas
- Some farm animals are used to provide farm labour.
- Ensure maximum utilization of land.
3 x ½ = 1½mks
2. - Wide spacing
- Proper pruning.
- Growing of upright growing crops.
2 x ½ = 1mk
3. - Level of education/technology
- Health status/economy.
- Religious and cultural practices.
- Market forces.
- Government policy.
- Transport and communication.
4 x ½ = 2mks
4. - Scarcity of land due to increase in population.
- Change of land ownership methods.
- Growing of cash crops
- Change to modern methods of farming.
2 x ½ = 1 mk
5. - Type of feed eaten by the animal
- Method of storage of the manure
- Type of bedding/liter used.
3 x ½ = 1 ½ mk
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6. - Olericulture is the growing of vegetable crops
- Pomoculture is the growing of fruit crops.
1 x 1 = 1
7. (a) - Encourages easy root formation and development
- Dissolve in water slowly.
2 x ½ = 1mk
(b) 100kg C.A.N supplies 20kg Nv ½
X kg C.A.N supplies 80kg Nv ½
X = 100 x 80v ½
20
= 400 kg C.A.Nv ½
4 x ½ mks
(c) - May inhibit the activity of useful soil micro-organisms.
- May make some nutrients in available for plant use.
- May not support growth of the some crops.
2 x ½ = 1 mk
8. - Credit facilities from financial institutions
- Self savings
- Inheritance.
- Grants/ donations from friends or NGOs
4 x ½ = 2 mks
9. - Selling a portion of ones land
- Subdividing to Heirs
- By the government to settle the landless.
- Shifting cultivation.
2 x ½ = 1mk
10. - Pricking out – uprooting excess seedlings and planting in another seedling bed.
1 x1 = 1mk
- Hardening off - accustoming seedlings to actual field conditions or exposing
seedlings to actual field conditions before transplanting.
1 x 1 = 1mk
11. - Free from foul smell
- Yellowish green in colour.
- Should have growth of moulds
- Should have PH between 4.2 – 4.6
3 x ½ mk
12. - Slashing
- Burning
- Mowing
2 x ½ = 1 mk
13. - To show the health conditions of the animal
- For use in selection and culling of animals on health grounds
- Help to trace history of diseases for better treatment.
- Show when to vaccinate/deworm.
- Show costs on health of animals in accessing profitability in animals. 2 x ½ = 1mk
14. (a) - Per capital income.
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Gross National Product (G.N.P)
- Ratio of teacher to students
- Ratio of doctor to patients
- Number of families owning a family car/T.Vs e.t.c.
2 x ½ = 1 mk
(b) - Competitive relationship.
- Complimentary relationship.
- Supplementary relationship.
- Joint products relationship.
15. (a) – Agro-forestry is the practice of land usage where trees, pastures and
food crops are grown on the same piece of land at the same time.
1 x 1 = 1mk
(b) – Trees act as wind breaks thus slowing down the speed of wind.
- Roofs of trees bind soil particles together hence resist erosion.
- Tree roofs crack the ground thus allowing more water infiltration/ percolation/porosity
(OWTTE) e.t.c .
- Leaf fall from trees act as mulch thus controlling erosion.
- Fallen leaves decompose thus improving soil structure.
- Spongy nature of fallen leaves increase water retention in the soil.
- Trees provide shade to the or crops thus reducing evapotranspiration.
4 x ½ = 2 mks
16. (i) - Insecticides
(ii) - Nematocides
(iii) - Acaricides/miticides.
3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks
17. - Some produce large quantities of seeds increasing chances of their survival.
- Some have excellent mechanisms of dispersal.
- Some are able to propagate both vegetatively and by seeds.
- Some seeds are able to remain viable in the soil for along time
- Some are able to carry out self pollination.
2 x ½ = 1mk
18. - Mottling of leaves
- chlorosis
- Gall formation
- Malformed leaves
- Streaks
- Necrosis
- Rosetting
2 x ½ = 1 mk
SECTION B (20 MARKS).
19. (a) Soil sampling
This is the practice of collecting small quantities of soil from different parts of the
crop field and mixing them to form a composite sample which is used for soil testing.
(b) i. N – Traverse/diagonal sampling.
M – Zigzag/random sampling.
ii. – Avoid any form of contamination of the soil
- Collect soil at the right depth.
- Avoid unusual sites e.g manure heaps, under hedges.
- Do not mix top soil with subsoil
(c) - To determine the soil pH
- To determine the nutrient level/deficiency.
- To determine the soil type.
20. (a) Opening valuation is the monetary value of a farm business at the beginning of financial
Year.
(b)
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT FOR MR. MBUTA’S FARM FOR
THE YEAR ENDED 31-12-09
PURCHASE AND EXPENSES Shs Cts SALES AND RECEIPTS Shs Cts
Opening valuation
Wages
Equipment
Pig feeds
Drugs 6,000
5,000
8,000
4,000
3,200 00
00
00
00
00 Pig sales
maize sales
Piglet sales
Closing valuation
7,000
3,000
4,000
4,000 00
00
00
00
TOTAL
LOSS 18,000
8,200 00
00
TOTAL 26,200 00 26,200 00
Marks allocation.
i) correct columns (sales & receipts) ……….. ½
ii) Purchases & expenses ……….. ½
iii) Correct entries – sales & receipts ……… ½
- purchases & expenses …… ½
iv) correct totals - sales & receipts…….. ½
- purchases & expenses…. ½
v) correct balance/ profit/loss …… ½
3 ½
(c) Mr. Mbuta made loss
421. (a) – Thinning
- Gapping
(b) (i) Tip layering
(ii) New plants mature faster than those from seeds
- The plants grow faster due to high food reserves
- Appropriate for propagating plants that have no seeds or seeds have a long dormancy period.
- Plants have desirable shapes and sizes
- Individual plants are similar to their mother plants
(iii) – Health they should be free from pest and diseases.
- Yield potential should be from high yielding mother plants
- They should be resistant to diseases.
- Should be of high germination percentage
- They should be suitable to the climatic condition of where to be planted.
22. a)A- Maize stalks/foundation material
B- Grass/leaves/kitchen refuses/main material
C- Well decomposed manure & inorganic fertilizer (compound)
D- Wood ash
4 x ½ = mks
(b) – To control the pH of the manure
- To increase the percentage of phosphorous and potassium.
1 x 1 = 1 mk
(c ) – Distance from the garden
- Availability of materials
- Topography of the area
- Type of soil
- Direction of prevailing wind
- Accessibility
- Security
2 x ½ mk
(d) – When the materials can break easily if crushed between fingers.
- When the volume of the heap goes down
- When there is growth of moulds.
2 x ½ = 1 mk
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
23. (a) – To remove bad smell and taste
- To kill harmful micro-organisms which thrive in dirty water e.g. bacteria
- To remove solid particles e.g. soil, sand, sticks
- To remove excess chemical impurities of fluorides to soften the water.
4 x 1 = 4 mks
(b) – For diluting/mixing chemicals used to control pests, diseases, weeds.
- For watering livestock e.g. drinking.
- Watering plants e.g. irrigation
- In processing farm produce e.g. coffee, carrot, hides.
- Domestic use e.g. drinking, cooking
- For rearing fish
- Mixing concrete in construction
- Recreation e.g. swimming pools
- Cooking and running machine engines.
(9 x ½ = 4 ½ mks)
( c) The water treatment process.
Stage I – Filtration at the water intake
-Water is let to pass through a series of sieves where large particles of impurities are trapped. (2mks)
Stage II – Softening of water
- Water is let to circulate in a tank (open) and is mixed with soda ash to soften
it. (2mks)
Stage III – Coagulation and sedimentation
- Alum is added to water to facilitate sedimentation and coagulation. Water
Stays here for 36 hours inorder to kill bilhazia worms. (2mks)
Stage IV – Filtration
- Water passes into infiltration tank where all the remaining solids particles are
removed. (2mks)
Stage V – Chlorination
- Filtered water enters chlorination tank where a small amount of chlorine is
added to kill disease agents. (2mks)
Stage VI – Storage
- Treated water is stored before entering distribution channels for use.
- Ensures rationing/ control measures are taken before supplying to consumers. ( 1 ½ mks)
(11 ½ mks)
24. (a)
- Size of the farm - several suitable enterprises can be established on a large farm but a small farm can only hold a few enterprises.
- Environmental factors e.g. climate, soil type and topography.
- The current trends in labour market to ensure availability of labour at low cost.
- Farmers objectives and preferences.
- Possible production enterprises depending on the environmental factors, farm size markets e.t.c
- Existing market trends/conditions to ensure availability of good prices for the produce.
- Availability & cost of farm inputs to produce at a minimum cost
- Government regulations/policy e.g. farmers must get license to plant coffee.
- Security – certain enterprises should be near the homestead e.g rabbit hutch, farm garage e.t.c
- Communication and transport facilities to ensure produce reach the market on good time. 10 x 1 = 10 mks
(b) - Has knowledge about specific: agricultural principles, marketing and accounting.
- Hardworking and time conscious
- Has practical farming skills
- Should be responsible/dynamic/prudent/competent/ambitious.
- Flexible in decision making in order to adjust to the ever changing social & economic
Trends in the society.
5 x 1 = 5 mks
© - Most agricultural goods are highly perishable e.g milk, fruits, vegetables.
- Production of agricultural goods is seasonal and only available in plenty at harvest
Periods this affects their prices.
- Most agricultural products are bulky leading to problems of storage and transport.
- Storage – storage facilities are expensive to construct; increase the cost of marketing.
- Poor transport systems leading to spoilage of goods on farms.
- Changes in market demand due to change in consumer preferences and tastes. This
Affects prices.
- Lack of market information e.g availability of good markets.
- Changes in supply leading to fluctuation of market prices.
5 x 1 = 5 mks
25. Describe the field production of maize for grains starting from seedbed preparation to
Harvesting.
- Clear the land and remove stumps if any
- Plough/dig the land/carry out primary cultivation
- Harrow the land/carry out secondary cultivation.
- Ensure the land has a moderate tilth
- Removal of perennial weeds from seedbed during preparation/prepare land early before onset of rains
- Mention of a given variety for a particular area e.g. 5.11, 5 + 2 for lake region e.t.c
- Select a suitable maize variety
- Plant at 2.5 – 10cm deep depending on the moisture content of the soil.
- Apply phosphatic fertilizer /manure during planting
- Phosphatic fertilizer is applied at the rate of 100kg/ha. P205
- Plant at 75 – 90 by 23 – 30cm depending on variety and environmental conditions.
- Place one or two seeds per hole depending on the spacing chosen
- Plant healthy. Certified seeds/disease free seeds
- Gapping/thinning should be done if necessary
- Control weeds in the field until flowering stage
- Control weeds mechanically
- Top dress using Nitrogenous fertilizer
- Apply N-fertilizer up to 200kg/ha.
- Control pests like stock borer, army worms, bird’s e.t.c.
- Use appropriate method of disease control
- Harvest maize when it is dry
- Remove the husks from the cobs.
(20 marks)
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