(a)
i. Development of agriculture
led to availability of food
hence permanent settlement.
ii. Trading activities.
iii. Existence of trade routes.
iv. Administrative /royal
centres developed into
towns.
v. Centres of learning /
education grew into towns
such as Timbuktu,
Alexandria.
vi. Religion – some grew out
of religious activities e.g.
Fez in Morocco.
(b) i. Decline of the gold,
disrupted by civil wars in the
interior.
ii. Dynastic rivalries in the
15th century-ruling families
were engaged in the struggle
for power.
iii. Rebellion from towns
controlled by Kilwa e.g.
Sofala.
iv. Rise to prominence of
Mombasa which became a
powerful rival to Kilwa
. v. The coming of the
Portuguese i.e. in 1505, a
Portuguese official,
Francisco d’Almeida
attacked Kilwa and burnt it
down.
alexis sadro answered the question on October 8, 2017 at 19:21
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