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The bolus enters the stomach through the cardiac sphincter.
The stomach wall is made up of thick circular and longitudinal muscles.
The muscles contract producing movements that mix the contents of the stomach.
The mixing is referred to as churning and results in the formation of a fluid known as chyme.
The presence of food stimulates the production of the enzyme gastric which then stimulates the production of the gastric juice from the gastric glands.
Gastric juice contains pepsinogen which is activated to pepsin which breaks down proteins into peptides. It also contains renin that digests protein caseinogen in milk to casein.
The hydrochloric acid present provides an acidic medium for the optimum activity of the enzymes.
The acid also kills bacteria present in food. Mucus forms a protective barrier to the stomach against corrosion.
Faimus answered the question on December 6, 2017 at 20:01
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