1) By the use of phase contrast microscopy that makes use of light illuminating the specimen.
2) The gram staining technique that uses iodine as a staining agent.
3) Dorner method where endospores are observed as red stain.
4) Schaeffer-fulton method that uses malachite as primary stain and spores are observed as green.
5) Moeller stain technique that uses carbon fuchsin stain followed by heating and acidification.
waeuny answered the question on December 11, 2017 at 14:18
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