i)
Bias occurs when a measurement tends to be consistently higher or lower than the population value
Interviews pose a danger of bias due to poorly constructed questions on inaccuracies due to poor recall or the interviewee gives what the interviewer wants to hear
The interviewer may unwittingly manipulate the events thereby changing the objectives of the questions
Different interviewers get different answers because of the way they place different emphasis on individual words in questions and because of different probes (additional questions) that they follow up with
Leading question may introduce bias because the direction of the questions suggest certain answers
ii)Projective Techniques are indirect and unstructured methods of investigation which have been developed by the psychologists and use projection of respondents for inferring about underline motives, urges or intentions which cannot be secured through direct questioning as the respondent either resists to reveal them or is unable to figure out himself. These techniques are useful in giving respondents opportunities to express their attitudes without personal embarrassment. These techniques help the respondents to project his own attitude and feelings unconsciously on the subject under study. Thus Projective Techniques play an important role in motivational researches or in attitude surveys.
gregorymasila answered the question on December 13, 2017 at 12:35
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