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Antecedence
This is caused by uplift. The river maintains it's course while the surrounding is being uplifted through faulting, folding and volcanicity.
Climatic change.
A river may be flowing from an area with reliable rainfall but abruptly enters into an arid area. The eroding power of the river is lowered. However if the river has enough water, it will cut down more rapidly to form a large gorge.
Faimus answered the question on January 6, 2018 at 18:09
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