Corrassion
When a wave breaks, the swash carries pebbles and other rock fragments from the shore. These materials are hurled against the face and foot of a cliff causing the rock to break up. This causes the rock face to be undercut. Some pebbles may also be dragged into the water by the backwash. The material in the backwash scratch the ocean floor while the rock fragments suspended in water hit the rock face breaking off some particles. The particles are carried by water.
Solution
Sea water has both corrosive and dissolving effect. The rocks making up the coast and the bed of the shore may have minerals that react with sea water as it has carbonic acid. Some rocks have minerals that directly dissolve in water. The minerals are carried away leaving behind hollows and cavities in the rocks.
Attrition
As pebbles, boulders and all sorts of rock fragments are dragged up and down the shore by the swash and backwash, they hit each other and against the cliff. In the process, they break up becoming smaller in size.
Faimus answered the question on January 12, 2018 at 18:36
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