Compressed air action
When a wave crushes against a rock such as a cliff at the coast, it pushes air into the cracks. The air in the cracks becomes compressed hence increasing its pressure, the crack widens. As the wave retreats, the pressure is suddenly released causing the trapped air to suddenly expand explosively. This is repeated several times causing the rock to shutter.
Direct wave force
In breaking the wave, large amounts of water crash against the rock face. They pound the rock face at intervals leading to the weakening and eventually breaking of the rock.
Faimus answered the question on January 12, 2018 at 18:48
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