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A cave which has developed on one side of a headland may extend to the other side. On the other, caves which have developed on both sides of an headland may meet forming an opening through the headland. This opening is referred to as a natural arch.
Continued erosion may enlarge the arch until its roof collapses. The pillar of rock which is left standing on the seaward side of the cliff line is referred to as a stack. It is usually wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.
Prolonged erosion at the base of the stack causes it to be undercut and eventually the top collapses leaving only the base. This base is known as stump and it is usually submerged during high tide.
Faimus answered the question on January 13, 2018 at 21:26
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