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a) Closed system
This system has no interaction with the environment. It neither transmits information to
the outside world nor receives any information from the outside world. It‘s mainly a
scientific concept e.g. Physics experiments.
Open System
This system interacts with its environment. It is a system with a feedback mechanism that
promotes free exchange of information between the system and the external entities.
Organizations are good examples of open systems.
b) Deterministic system
They operate in a predictable manner e.g. thermostats and computer programs.
Probabilistic Systems/Random Systems
With these systems, it‘s not possible to determine the next state of the system even if the
current state is known. An example is a doctor‘s diagnostic system.
c) Open-loop system
This refers to a system that does not act in a controlled manner, that is, there is no
feedback loop, and so no measure of performance against standards.
CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM
This refers to a system that functions in a controlled manner. Such a system accepts
inputs, works on them according to some predefined processing roles and produces
outputs. Such a system is controlled via a feedback loop.
d) Human system
This refers to a system that is composed of human beings. An example is a soccer team.
MACHINE SYSTEM
This refers to a system that is of mechanical components e.g. gears, propellers, exhaust
pipe, etc. A good example of a machine system is a car engine.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 7, 2018 at 20:04
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