Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: (a) A closed system and an open system. (b) A deterministic and a random system. (c) An open-loop system and a...

      

Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:
(a) A closed system and an open system.
(b) A deterministic and a random system.
(c) An open-loop system and a closed-loop system.
(d) A human system and a machine system.

  

Answers


gregory
a) Closed system
This system has no interaction with the environment. It neither transmits information to
the outside world nor receives any information from the outside world. It‘s mainly a
scientific concept e.g. Physics experiments.
Open System
This system interacts with its environment. It is a system with a feedback mechanism that
promotes free exchange of information between the system and the external entities.
Organizations are good examples of open systems.
b) Deterministic system
They operate in a predictable manner e.g. thermostats and computer programs.
Probabilistic Systems/Random Systems
With these systems, it‘s not possible to determine the next state of the system even if the
current state is known. An example is a doctor‘s diagnostic system.
c) Open-loop system
This refers to a system that does not act in a controlled manner, that is, there is no
feedback loop, and so no measure of performance against standards.
CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM
This refers to a system that functions in a controlled manner. Such a system accepts
inputs, works on them according to some predefined processing roles and produces
outputs. Such a system is controlled via a feedback loop.
d) Human system
This refers to a system that is composed of human beings. An example is a soccer team.
MACHINE SYSTEM
This refers to a system that is of mechanical components e.g. gears, propellers, exhaust
pipe, etc. A good example of a machine system is a car engine.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 7, 2018 at 20:04


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