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Observation
This method of fact-finding requires the analyst to participate in performing some
activities carried out by the user. The analyst may choose to watch as the users perform
their activities and gather the facts intended. Guidelines when using observation include:
o There should be permission from concerned authorities before this exercise.
o Gathered facts should be recorded.
o Those to be observed should be notified and the purpose of the exercise
explained.
o The analyst should be objective and avoid personal opinion. He should have an
open mind.
o The analyst should record ordinary events.
Observation is best used in the following circumstances:
o When the validity of facts gathered through other methods is questionable.
o When the complexity of certain aspects of a system prevent a clear explanation by
the respondents or user.
o Used to confirm that the procedures specified in the manual are being followed.
p When one needs to obtain first hand and reliable information.
b) Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a special document that allows the analyst to ask a number of standard
questions set to a large number of people in order to gather information from them.
Questionnaires are used when:
o The system analyst is located at a considerably long distance from the respondent.
o There are a large number of respondents such that interviewing them will be
limited by time.
o The questions to be asked are simple and straightforward and require direct
answers.
o Limited information is required from a large number of people.
o It‘s used as a means to verify facts along other methods.
c) Searching records
This is a fact-finding technique that involves perusing through literature or documents to
gain a better understanding about the existing system. Examples of documents that are
perused include sales orders, job descriptions, existing systems documentation,
management reports, procedure manuals, organization structure charts, trade journal, etc.
Searching is best used when:
o The analyst needs to have a quick overview of the existing system.
o The information required cannot be obtained through any other technique
d) Statistical sampling
This refers to the systematic selection of representative elements of a population. The
selected elements are examined closely and the results assumed to reveal useful
information about the entire population.
Statistical sampling is used when the target population:
o Is too large and it‘s impractical to examine every document or talking to
everyonein the organization to gather facts.
o Contains homogenous elements (elements with similar characteristics).
o Time is limited.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 8, 2018 at 07:06
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