a) Project manager
Much of the work that takes place in an Information Systems Departments relatively unique
and non-repetitive. For example, organizations developing a major application will probably
only undertake such a task at most every five years. These =one off‘ developments are
usually organized as projects where a team is brought together to undertake the work and is
disbanded when the work is completed. A designated project manager has ultimate
responsibility for the planning, development and delivery of the products produced in the
project. The project manager manages the team that has been brought together to undertake
the project. , allocating work, monitoring and reporting the progress of that work as well as
motivating members of the team. It is the project manager who usually develops and
maintains the project plan and who identifies slippage against that plan and takes appropriate
action.
b)Systems Analyst
Most information systems projects deliver software that automates organisational processes.
The successful development of these software solutions partly depends upon building a
correct understanding of how business processes currently work and how the user wants
them to work in the future. Understanding and documenting current systems and defining
the requirements of their successors is the task of the systems analyst. He/she usually
undertakes a series of interviews with the user to determine how they currently work and
how they wish to work in future. From such fact finding the analyst formalizes these
requirements in a document called the Requirements Specification where the required
processe3s and performance of the proposed system are described in bother graphical
models and textual models.
c) Programmer
The Requirements Specification produced by the Systems Analyst is further refined into a
design specification which shows how the organisational requirements specified by the user
will be delivered by the computer based solution. Part of this design will be the detailed
specification of processes. This detailed specification will be passed to the programmer who
has responsibility for writing the program code to implement the processes. This code has to
be functionally correct as well as adhering to agreed standards of program design and syntax.
The program is usually subjected to a formal structured walkthrough where the program is
checked for correctness and adherence to organisational standards. It is the responsibility of
the programmer to perform a series of unit tests before releasing the program into the wider
system.
d) Data Analyst
The process specifications described in the previous sections are e only part of the design
specification. Another important part of the design is the data specification usually
consisting of a graphical entity relationship model supported by tables describing the content
of each entry. Data Analysts often perform the production of this data specification and
indeed they may be involved in earlier specification work, providing specialized assistance to
the system analyst. In any structure data analysts will report to a data base administrator
suggesting that they may also undertake the design of files and databases, producing a robust and efficient database design to support the
business processes specified in requirements analysis.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 15, 2018 at 16:37
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