a.) Unit testing
Programmers usually perform unit testing. Programmers receive specifications from systems
designers and develop programs to meet these requirements. Once they are sufficiently
confident about their programs they undertake a set of formal tests. These are usually
designed to:-
- Ensure that every line of the program has been executed and is working properly
- Ensure that data stored by the program is accurately placed in the correct filed in the
database
- Ensure that interactions with other programs are working correctly
- Ensure that error conditions are handled correctly
Unit testing is performed explicitly on the program code and structure. It is often termed
white box testing because it is concerned with inspecting the internal logic of the program.
System testing
The analysts who have developed the functional specifications and specified the design of
the system usually perform system testing. System testing is often termed black box testing
because the testing is concerned with proving that certain inputs produce predicted outputs.
It is not concerned with proving the internal logic of the programs that cause the
transformation to take place. This has already been done in unit testing. Hence system
testing is concerned with ensuring that the system meets the functional requirements defined
in the requirements specification. It also considers the general usability of the software. In
some organizations system testing includes load or stress testing which tests the system
under operational conditions, ensuring it can still deliver the required performance when
handling operations volumes by the agreed number of users.
b) Most formal specification methods have defined methods and rules of construction. For
example in a DFD it is not acceptable to directly link a data store to another data store or an
external entity with a data store. Adherence to the rules of construction can be checked in
structured walkthroughs and this assists the quality assurance of the product. It does not
assure that the product is functionally correct, but it does ensure that the product is
constructed to the required standard.
Graphical models open up the design process to user scrutiny. This will help to ensure that
the system is doing the right things as well as doing them right.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 15, 2018 at 16:38
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