(i) murder of Khalifa Uthman which caused discontent and division among Muslims.
(ii) Muawiya’s refusal to pledge loyalty to Ali, they neither supported Ali nor Muawiya, felt that both were wrong hence formed their own group.
(iii) battles of camel and sif?n which weakened Ali’s camp hence gave strength to the rise of the Kharijites.
(iv) foreign in?uence since most of them were new converts from Persia.
lack of proper guidance since most of them were youngsters with little (v) knowledge and did not seek guidance from the older generation especially the Sahaba’s.
(vi) self madefatwas and principles such as excommunicating their opponents e.g. considered Ali and Muawiya as infidels.
(vii) the arbitration incident, they were opposed to the idea of Ali negotiating with Muawiya whom they considered an infidel and instead insisted on Quran to be the basis of their negotiation.
gregorymasila answered the question on February 28, 2018 at 13:08
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