a) Because concentration of ions is high at the beginning and decreases as the ions are discharged during
electrolysis
b) Cu$_{(aq)}^{2+} + 2e \rightarrow Cu_{(s)}$
johnmulu answered the question on April 27, 2017 at 07:37
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Ammonia gas is used to manufacture nitric (V) acid as shown below.
(Solved)
Ammonia gas is used to manufacture nitric (V) acid as shown below.

i) This process requires the use of a catalyst. In which unit is the catalyst used?
ii) Identify compound A and B.
Date posted:
April 27, 2017
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Answers (1)
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A student set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below to prepare and collect dry
Ammonia gas
(Solved)
A student set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram below to prepare and collect dry
Ammonia gas

i) Identify two mistakes in the set up and give a reason for each mistake.
ii) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia.
iii) Describe one chemical test for ammonia gas
Date posted:
April 27, 2017
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Answers (1)
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Figure 4 shows the heating curve for water.
(Solved)
Figure 4 shows the heating curve for water.

i) Give the names of the intermolecular forces of attraction in the segments:
I. MN
II. RS
ii) The heats of fusion and vaporization of water are 334.4 Jg-1 and 1159.4 g-1 respectively
I. Explain why there is a big difference between the two.
II. How is the difference reflected in the curve?
Date posted:
April 27, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The table below shows the pH values of solutions A, B, C and D.
(Solved)
The table below shows the pH values of solutions A, B, C and D.

Select solutions in which a sample of lead (II) hydroxide is likely to dissolve. Give reasons for each solution selected.
Date posted:
April 27, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The table below gives the solubilities of substances T and U at 10o C and 40oC
(Solved)
The table below gives the solubilities of substances T and U at 10o C and 40oC

When an aqueous mixture containing 55 g of T and 12 g of U at 80o C was cooled to 10oC, crystals formed.
a) Identify the crystals formed.
b) determine the mass of the crystals formed
c) Name the method used to obtain the crystals
Date posted:
April 27, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The curves below show how the electrical conductivity of hydrochloric and ethanoic acids vary with concentration.
(Solved)
The curves below show how the electrical conductivity of hydrochloric and ethanoic acids vary with concentration.

Explain why the electrical conductivity of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid is higher than that of 0.01 M ethanoic acid
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The solubility curve of potassium nitrate is shown below
(Solved)
The solubility curve of potassium nitrate is shown below

a) Determine the solubility of potassium nitrate at 50oC
b) determine the molar concentration of saturated potassium nitrate at 50o(K = 39.0; 0 = 16.0; N = 14.0 and density of water 1g/cm3)
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The graph shows how the pH value of soil in a farm changed over a period of time
(Solved)
The graph shows how the pH value of soil in a farm changed over a period of time

i) Describe how the pH of the soil can be determined
ii) State one factor that may have been responsible for the change in the soil pH in the time interval AB.
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The set-up below was used to demonstrate the effect of heat on hard water
(Solved)
The set-up below was used to demonstrate the effect of heat on hard water

a) Name substance A.
b) Explain why the heating of hard water produced substance A.
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The flow chart below shows the various stages of water treatment. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(Solved)
The flow chart below shows the various stages of water treatment. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

i) Which substance are likely to be removed in filtration unit I?
ii) What is the name of the process Y?
iii) What is the purpose of:
I. Process Y
II. Addition of sodium hypochlorite
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The table below shows the tests carried out on separate samples of water drawn from a well and the results obtained.
(Solved)
The table below shows the tests carried out on separate samples of water drawn from a well and the results obtained.

a) Identify the cation and the anion present in the water.
b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction which takes place in test (iii).
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The table below shows the solubility of a salt at various temperatures
(Solved)
The table below shows the solubility of a salt at various temperatures

What would happen if a sample of a saturated solution of the salt at 40o C is heated to 80oC.Explain
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow
(Solved)
Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow

Name:
i) The reagent used in step I
ii) Compound A
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The flow charts below show an analysis of a mixture R that contains two salts. Study the analysis and answer the questions that follow.
(Solved)
The flow charts below show an analysis of a mixture R that contains two salts. Study the analysis and answer the questions that follow.

i) What condition is necessary for the process in step I to take place.
ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between the cation in filtrate X and aqueous ammonia
iii) What observation would indicate the presence of NO2(g) in step I?
iv) State how water vapour, in step I could be identified.
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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In an experiment, soap solution was added to three separate samples of water. The table below shows the volumes of soap solutions required to form lather with 1000cm3 of each sample of water before and after boiling.
(Solved)
In an experiment, soap solution was added to three separate samples of water. The table below shows the volumes of soap solutions required to form lather with 1000cm3 of each sample of water before and after boiling.

a) Which water sample is likely to be soft? Explain
b) Name the cause of change in the volume of soap solution used in sample III
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The diagram below represents the set-up that was used to prepare and collect hydrogen chloride gas in the laboratory.
(Solved)
The diagram below represents the set-up that was used to prepare and collect hydrogen chloride gas in the laboratory.

a) State the purpose of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid in the wash bottle.
b) Write an equation for the reaction between dry hydrogen chloride gas and heated iron
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The diagram below is representation of an industrial process for the manufacture of a bleaching powder.
(Solved)
The diagram below is representation of an industrial process for the manufacture of a bleaching powder.

i) Name substance Q.
ii) When the bleaching powder is added to water during washing, a lot of soap is used. Explain.
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The set-up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen chlorine gas, and investigate its effect on the heated iron fillings
(Solved)
The set-up below was used to prepare dry hydrogen chlorine gas, and investigate its effect on the heated iron fillings

i) Name the substance L.
ii) Name liquid M
iii) What will be observed in tube B?
iv) Why is the gas from tube B burnt?
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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A gas jar full of chlorine water was inverted over water and allowed to stand for some time.
a) State and explain two observations made in the gas jar after some times.
(Solved)
A gas jar full of chlorine water was inverted over water and allowed to stand for some time.
a) State and explain two observations made in the gas jar after some times.

b) Write the equation for the reaction between chlorine and hot concentrated potassium hydroxide
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)
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The diagram below represents a setup for large scale manufacture of hydrochloric acid. Study it and answer the questions that follow
(Solved)
The diagram below represents a setup for large scale manufacture of hydrochloric acid. Study it and answer the questions that follow

a) Name substance X.
b) What is the purpose of the glass beads?
c) Give two uses of hydrochloric acid
Date posted:
April 21, 2017
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Answers (1)