1. Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the body. They are the least
expensive sources of energy. They must be supplied regularly and at frequent
intervals in order to meet the energy requirements of the body. One gram of
carbohydrates yields 4 kilocalories of energy.
2. Carbohydrates have a protein sparing action. If insufficient carbohydrates
are available in the diet, the body will convert protein to glucose in order to
supply energy (gluconeogenesis). Since energy needs takes priority over other
functions, the body will use carbohydrates if adequately supplied in the diet,
thus sparing protein for tissue building.
3. Carbohydrates are important for normal fat metabolism. If there are
insufficient carbohydrates, larger amounts of fat are used for energy than the
body is equipped to handle and oxidation is incomplete. There is an
accumulation of acidic intermediate products known as ketone bodies, which
result into acidosis. These acids are normally excreted with sodium ions thus
may lead to severe losses of sodium and water. Losses of sodium are normally
followed by losses of potassium. Accumulation of ketone bodies leads to
ketosis and symptoms include fatigue, dehydration and loss of energy.
4. The disaccharide lactose is important in calcium absorption. It also promotes
growth of desirable bacteria.
5. Cellulose and other closely related insoluble compounds such as dietary fibre
aid normal fecal elimination since it absorbs water to give bulk to intestinal
contents.
6. Provides the carbon skeleton for the syntheses of non-essential amino acids by
the body.
7. Carbohydrates impart flavor and sweetness to food.
johnmulu answered the question on May 1, 2017 at 14:05
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