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Shallow waters
Such waters allow continuous penetration of sunlight required for growth of photosynthetic plankton. Phytoplankton exist only in the zone where light is sufficient for photosynthesis. This explains why the majority of fishing grounds are found in shallow continental shelves which are not more than 180 metres below the water surface.
Availability of nutrients.
Deposition of mineral salts by agents such as rivers, ice and wind are necessary for the healthy growth of Phytoplankton. This explains why there is an abundant supply of fish in the coastal waters where there is a high rate of deposition and water is saline.
Cool waters
Cool waters with a temperature that does not exceed 20 degree Celsius is the most suitable for the growth of plankton. They are therefore abundant where cold and warm ocean currents meets and where cold water from the ocean floor upwells to the surface. The warm waters in the tropics are not conducive for plankton.
Faimus answered the question on March 26, 2018 at 10:10
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