How was the historical development of the Internet?

Discuss the historical development of the Internet.

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(a) The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, and moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it.

(b) In 1969, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols, which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Internetting project and the system of networks, which emerged from the research, was known as the "Internet". The system of protocols which was developed over the course of this research effort became known as the TCP/ IP Protocol Suite, after the two initial protocols developed: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP).

(c) The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969 under a contract led by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah)

(d) The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. If the most direct route was not available, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes.

(e) The Internet matured in the 70's as a result of the TCP/ IP architecture first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and further developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others throughout the 70's. It was adopted by the Defense Department in 1980 replacing the earlier Network Control Protocol (NCP) and universally adopted by 1983.

(f) In 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated the development of the NSFNET which, today, provides a major backbone communication service for the Internet. With its 56 megabit per second facilities, the NSFNET carries on the order of 12 billion packets per month between the networks it links. They maintained their sponsorship for nearly a decade, setting rules for its non-commercial government and research uses.

(g) The first effort, other than library catalogs, to index the Internet was created in 1989.

maurice.mutuku answered the question on April 13, 2018 at 06:57

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How was the historical development of the Internet?

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