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a) Heredity
.Is the resemblance among individuals related by descent. OR
.Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
b) Trait
.Also called character
.A character of the organism e.g. type of ear, colour of eyes, height, yield etc.
c) Gene
.Unit of inheritance.
.It is the heredity factor which transmits traits from parents to offspring.
.Genes are located at ‘fixed points on chromosomes.
.Each point is called a locus (loci)
d) Allele
.Genes can exist in a series of alternative forms at a particular locus.
.Allele refers to alternative forms of genes controlling a particular characteristic.
e) Chromosomes
.Threadlike structures found in nuclei of all plants and animals.
.They carry genes which are hereditary materials.
.They consist of substances called DNA and proteins called histosone.s
f) DNA
.Deoxyribonucleic acid.
.Substances that make up chromosomes.
.Double helix(strand) molecule that contains genes.
.DNA consists of nucleotides
.A nucleotide consists of an inorganic phosphate, ribose sugar and a base.
.There are four bases in a DNA molecule i.e. Adenine(A), guanine(G), thymine(T) and cystosine (C)
.Ribose sugar has four bases attached to it i.e. adenine, cystosine, guanine and thymine.
.Adenine pairs with thymine while guanine pairs with cystosine.
.Nucleotide initiates and controls protein synthesis.
Anganifelix answered the question on April 15, 2018 at 14:41
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