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Describe how the various vertebrae are adapted to their functions
•Bone:Skull
Structure:
-cranium and jaw bones
-made of several bones joined together
large box called cranium and smaller paired boxes for eyes, ears, nose, jaw
has large hole called foramen magnum for passage of spinal cord
Function:
-attachment of jaws
-protect brain and other delicate parts
•Bone:Cervical region Atlas (first cervical)
Structure:
-ring shaped
-no centrum
-broad flat transverse processes
-vertebraterial canal for passage of vertebra artery
-facet for articulation of condyles of skull
Function:
-rotects the spinal cord
-attachment of muscles
-allow nodding of head
•Bone:Axis (second cervical)
Structure:
-adontoid peg projects from centrum
-large flattened neural spine
-vertebraterial canal
-small transverse process
Function:
-allows the head to rotate
-protects the spinal cord
-provides surface for muscle attachment
Bone:Cervical (others) Structure:
-short neural spine
-branched transverse process for neck muscles
-vertebraterial canal
-wide neural canal
Function:
-supports weight of the head
-protects the spinal cord
-neck muscle attachment
•Bone:Thoracid
Structure:
-ong backwards pointing neural spine
-transverse process that points sideways
-facets for articulation of ribs
-notch for spinal nerves to pass through
Function:
-forms ribcage
-articulation with one end of rib
-protects the spinal cord
-muscle attachment
•Bone:Lumbar
Structure:
-short neural spine
-long transverse process towards abdomen
-large centrum
-extra processes e.g prezygapophysis, hypapophysis, anapophysis,metapophysis
Function:
-protects organs of the abdomen
-supports the upper part of the body
-protects the spinal cord
-muscle attachment
•Bone:Sacral
Structure:
-fused bones to form sacrum
-well developed transverse processes of first vertebra
-vertebraterial canal
-short neural spine
Function:
-protects the alimentary canal
-attachment of hip girdle
-protects the spinal cord
-muscle attachment
•Bone:Rib
Structure:
-long
-flattened
-attached to sternum from front
Function:
-protects internal organs
-muscle attachment
Anganifelix answered the question on April 19, 2018 at 10:44
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