Multiplicity actually consists of two separate constraints known as cardinality and participation. Cardinality describes the number of possible relationships for each participating entity. Participation determines whether all or only some entity occurrences participate in a relationship. The cardinality of a binary relationship is what we have been referring to as one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many. A participation constraint represents whether all entity occurrences are involved in a particular relationship (mandatory participation) or only some (optional participation).
kalvinspartan answered the question on July 7, 2018 at 08:31
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