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Why do some businesses keep a petty cashbook as well as a cashbook?
(Solved)
Why do some businesses keep a petty cashbook as well as a cashbook?
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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The directors of Hawk, a limited liability company, wish to compare the company's most recent financial statements with those of the previous year. The company's...
(Solved)
The directors of Hawk, a limited liability company, wish to compare the company's most recent financial statements with those of the previous year. The company's financial statements are given below:
Required:
(a) Calculate, for each of the two years, eight accounting ratios which should assist the directors
in their comparison, using closing figures for balance sheet items needed.
(b) Suggest possible reasons for the changes in the ratios between the two years.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Briefly explain the following accounting Concepts. (i) Going concern (ii) Accruals (iii) Consistency (iv) Prudence or conservatism (v) Materiality
(Solved)
i) Going concern
ii) Accruals
iii) Consistency
iv) Prudence or conservatism
v) Materiality
vi) Substance over form
vii) Business entity concept
viii) Money measurement
ix) Historical cost
x) Objectivity
xi) Realization
xii) Duality
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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What are accounting concepts, Bases, Policies?
(Solved)
What are accounting concepts, Bases, Policies?
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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The treasurer of Watembezi Sports Club has presented the following information for the year ended 31 October 1998
(Solved)
The treasurer of Watembezi Sports Club has presented the following information for the year ended 31 October 1998
Notes:
1) The Harambee donations were for the extension of the club. The funds shall remain in this
account until the works, are completed when' the balance will be transferred to the
accumulated fund.
2) The depreciation on fixed assets is at 10% and 15% on cost on furniture and fittings; and
equipment respectively.
3) Equipment which had cost Sh.25,000 was sold on credit for Sh.14,000 to a member who
owed the club the money at the end of the year. The provision for depreciation on this
equipment was Sh.7,000. Another equipment sold for cash had an accumulated provision
for depreciation of Sh.19,000.
4) Audit fees of Sh.50,000 should be provided.
5) Subscription in arrears are written-off after 12 months.
Required:
a) Income and expenditure account for the year ended 31 October 1998
b) Balance as at 31 October 1998
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Reviewing the draft accounts of Uzee Ltd for the year ended 31 st December 2001 as prepared by the Chief Accountant, the Managing Director suggests...
(Solved)
Reviewing the draft accounts of Uzee Ltd for the year ended 31 st December 2001 as prepared by the Chief Accountant, the Managing Director suggests that the written down value of plant is too low. To support his argument he produces the following schedule of plant on hand at 31 December 2001:
After discussing the matter the following policy is agreed:
1) Each item of plant to be depreciated on a straight line basis to its estimated scrap value over
its estimated life.
2) A full year's depreciation to be charged in the year of
purchase. On investigation you ascertain that:
There is no plant register.
Plant which includes the lorry is shown in the accounts at cost less proceeds of sales.
3) For some years depreciation was charged at 15% on the reducing balance and then from 31st
December 1994 at 10% of cost less proceeds of sales on a straight line basis.
4) The Plant account for the year ended 31st December 2001 was:
You are required to show, after implementing the new policy:
a) The Plant Account as it should appear in the books of the company for the year ended 31st
December 2001
b) The entries which should appear in the Balance Sheet as on 31st December 2001 and
c) A note explaining the effect on the profits on the change of depreciation policy.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Juhudi Ltd. has two accounts "A" and "B" with different banks. On 31 March 1995 the cash
book showed a balance of Sh.200,000 in Account" A"...
(Solved)
Juhudi Ltd. has two accounts "A" and "B" with different banks. On 31 March 1995 the cash
book showed a balance of Sh.200,000 in Account" A" and an overdraft of Sh. 90,000 in
account "B". However the bank statements obtained on the same day showed different
balances for the two accounts.
Further investigation reveals the following information: -
1. A deposit of Sh.60,000 made into account" A" on 1 March 1995 has been entered in
the cash book in account "B".
2. A withdrawal of Sh.20,000 from account" A" on 3 March 1995 has been debited in
the cash book in account "B".
3. Cheques of Sh.25,000 and Sh.30,000 deposited in account" A" on 9 March 1995 were
entered in the cash book in account"B". The second cheque has been dishonored by
the bankers. The entry for this dishonored cheque has been entered in the cash book
in account "B".
4. Cheques for Sh.40.000 and Sh.500.000 drawn on accounts" A" and "B" respectively
on 30 March 1995 were not paid by the banks until 5 April 1995.
5. Incidental charges of Sh.400 and Sh.1.000charged in the accounts" A" and "B"
respectively have not been entered in the cash book.
6. The bank has credited an interest of Sh.2.000 for account" A" and has debited bank
charges of Sh.1,500 to account "B". These transactions have not been entered in the
cash book.
7. Deposits of Sh.200,000 and Sh.140,000 made into the accounts" A" and "B"
respectively have not yet been credited by the bank.
8. Dividends amounting to Sh.8,000 had been paid direct to the bank in account "B".
9. A cheque for Sh.3.500 drawn on account" A" on 30 March 1995 in payment of an
electricity bill had been entered in the cash book as Sh.5,300.
Required:
i) The necessary adjustments in both cash books in order to correct the errors.
ii) Bank reconciliation statements for both cash books.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Define the term bank reconciliation statement and indicate its three main functions
(Solved)
Define the term bank reconciliation statement and indicate its three main functions.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Explain four ways in which the use of historical cost accounting may cause users of financial statements to be misled when prices are rising.
(Solved)
Explain four ways in which the use of historical cost accounting may cause users of financial statements to be misled when prices are rising.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Comparability is a characteristic which adds to the usefulness of financial statements.
Required:
(a) Explain what is meant by the term „comparability? in financial statements,
referring to two...
(Solved)
Comparability is a characteristic which adds to the usefulness of financial statements.
Required:
(a) Explain what is meant by the term „comparability‟ in financial statements,
referring to two types of comparison that users of financial statements may make.
(b) Explain two ways in which the IAS (International Accounting Standards) aids the
comparability of financial information.
Date posted:
November 24, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Explain briefly the terms prime cost and factory cost as used by manufacturing firms
(Solved)
Explain briefly the terms prime cost and factory cost as used by manufacturing firms.
Date posted:
November 22, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Sijui is having difficulty in preparing a bank reconciliation statement as at 31 December 2001.
He provides a summarized cashbook and a bank statement for the...
(Solved)
Sijui is having difficulty in preparing a bank reconciliation statement as at 31 December 2001.
He provides a summarized cashbook and a bank statement for the month of December as
shown below. Although the bank statement is correct his cashbook has several errors.
Required:
a) Prepare a corrected cashbook
b) A bank reconciliation as at 31 December and
c) A brief explanation as to the likely cause of the remaining difference.
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Calculate for Mvita Ltd. for 1989 and 1990 the following ratios:
Return on capital employed;
Debtors turnover;
Creditors turnover;
Current ratio;
Quick assets (acid test) ratio;
(Solved)
Calculate for Mvita Ltd. for 1989 and 1990 the following ratios:
Return on capital employed;
Debtors turnover;
Creditors turnover;
Current ratio;
Quick assets (acid test) ratio;
Gross profit percentage;
Net profit percentage;
Dividend cover;
Gearing ratio.
Using the summarised accounts given and ratios you have just prepared, comment on the
financial position and prospects of Mvita Ltd.
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Kenya Caps Limited issued additional 100,000 ordinary shares and 50,000, 8% preference shares
on the following terms:
(Solved)
Kenya Caps Limited issued additional 100,000 ordinary shares and 50,000, 8% preference shares
on the following terms:
The par values were Sh.10 and Sh.9 for the ordinary and preference shares respectively. By 1
August 1993, applications had been received for 200,000 ordinary shares and 40,000 preference
shares. The directors rejected the application for 80,000 ordinary shares and refunded the
monies on 15 August 1993, and the remainder allotted five shares for every six shares applied
for. Surplus application monies were carried forward to allotment.
All allotment took place on 20 August 1993 and the due amounts were received by 31 August
1993. The first and second calls were received by the due dates except for 3,000 ordinary shares
which the directors declared forfeited on 20 November 1993. All the forfeited shares were
reissued as fully paid to another shareholder on 30 November 1993 for Sh.9 per share.
Assume that the number of shares outstanding prior to this additional issue amounted
to: Ordinary -300,000 shares of Sh.10 par
-50,000 7% preference shares of Sh.7 par
All these shares had been issued at par.
Required:
a) Journal entries including cash necessary to record the share transactions.
b) Prepare the share capital section of the Balance Sheet as at 31 December 1993.
c) What is the importance of issuing bonus shares?
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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John and Dan are partners who run a wholesale shop. They share profits and losses equally. The accountant has provided a draft balance sheet as...
(Solved)
John and Dan are partners who run a wholesale shop. They share profits and losses equally. The accountant has provided a draft balance sheet as shown below:
From your examination of the books, you find that adjustments to the accounts are necessary in
respect of the following:
1) Sales included goods valued at Sh.700,000 which had been taken by Dan for his own
private use and debited to him in an account opened in the sales ledger. This is to be
treated as drawings.
2) The bills for electricity amounting to Sh.446,000 had not been paid.
3) A cheque for Sh.100,000 received from a debtor on 29 December 1998 had been put in the
drawer by the cashier and forgotten.
4) The amount for sundry debtors is shown net of a provision for doubtful debts of
Sh.600,000. The provision includes a bad debt of Sh.120,000. The revised provision for
doubtful debts was agreed at Sh.560,000.
5) A stock valued at Sh.3,300,000 was considered to have a net realizable value of
Sh.3,000,000. Some items of the stock for Sh.480,000 were not included in Sh.3,300,000.
6) Trade licenses for Sh.344,000 paid during the year had been charged to the profit and loss
account yet it will not expire until 31 March 1999.
7) Plant and machinery is considered to have a written down value of Sh.16,800,000.
8) During the year a building which cost Sh.5,800,000 was sold for Sh.5,600,000 and the
amount credited to freehold premises.
A cheque for Sh.406,000 received from a debtor and paid into the bank on 13 December 1998
had been returned on 31 December 1998 marked "refer to drawer". No entries were made in
the books of account.
Required:
a) A statement showing the correct adjustments and the adjusted profit for the year ended 31
December 1998.
b) A revised balance sheet as at 31 December 1998.
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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The term "reserves" is frequently found in company balance sheets
Required:
(i) Explain the meaning of „reserves? in this context;
(ii) Give two examples of reserves and explain...
(Solved)
The term "reserves" is frequently found in company balance sheets
Required:
(i) Explain the meaning of „reserves‟ in this context;
(ii) Give two examples of reserves and explain how each of your examples comes into existence.
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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List and briefly explain three ways in which the use of historical cost accounting may cause financial statements to be misleading.
(Solved)
List and briefly explain three ways in which the use of historical cost accounting may cause financial statements to be misleading.
Date posted:
November 21, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Otter, a limited liability company, operates a computerised accounting system for its accounts
receivable and accounts payable ledgers. The control accounts for the month of September...
(Solved)
Otter, a limited liability company, operates a computerised accounting system for its accounts
receivable and accounts payable ledgers. The control accounts for the month of September 1999
are in balance and incorporate the following totals:
Although the control accounts agree with the underlying ledgers, a number of errors have been
found, and there are also several adjustments to be made. These errors and adjustments are
detailed below:
(1) Four sales invoices totalling Shs 1,386 have been omitted from the records;
(2) A cash refund of Shs 350 paid to a customer, A Smith, was mistakenly treated as a
payment to a supplier with the same name;
(3) A contra settlement offsetting a balance of Shs 870 due to a supplier against the
accounts receivable ledger account for the same company is to be made;
(4) Bad debts totalling Shs1,360 are to be written off;
(5) During the month, settlement was reached with a supplier over a disputed account. As a
result, the supplier issued a credit note for Shs 2,000 on September 26. No entry has yet
been made for this;
(6) A purchases invoice for Shs 1,395 was keyed in as Shs 1,359;
(7) A payment of Shs 2,130 to a supplier, B Jones, was mistakenly entered to the account
of R Jones;
(8) A debit balance of Shs 420 existed in the accounts payable ledger at the end of August
1999. The supplier concerned cannot now be traced and it has been decided to write off
this balance.
Required:
Prepare the accounts receivable and accounts payable ledger control accounts as they should
appear after allowing, where necessary, for the errors and adjustments listed.
Date posted:
November 20, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Atok, a limited liability company, compiles its financial statements to 30 June manually. At 30 June 1999, the company's list of account balances was as...
(Solved)
Atok, a limited liability company, compiles its financial statements to 30 June annually. At 30
June 1999, the company's list of account balances was as follows:
The following matters remain to be adjusted for in preparing the financial statements for
the year ended 30 June 1999:
(1) Inventory at 30 June 1999 amounted to Shs 1,560,000 at cost. A review of
inventory items revealed the need for some adjustments for two inventory lines:
(i) Items which had cost Shs 80,000 and which would normally sell for Shs 120,000
were found to have deteriorated. Remedial work costing Shs 20,000 would be needed
to enable the items to be sold for Shs 90,000.
(ii) Some items sent to customers on sale or return terms had been omitted from inventory
and included as sales in June 1999. The cost of these items was Shs 16,000 and they
were included in sales at Shs 24,000. In July 1999, the items were returned in good
condition by the customers.
(2) Depreciation is to be provided as follows:
Buildings: 2% per year on cost.
Plant and equipment: 20% per year on cost.
80% of the depreciation is to be charged in cost of sales, and
10% each in distribution costs and administrative expenses.
(3) The land is to be revalued to Shs 12,000,000. No change was required to the value
of the buildings.
(4) Accrued expenses and prepayments were:
(5) No dividends were paid during the year and no dividend is proposed for the year.
Required:
(a) Prepare the company's income statement for the year ended 30 June 1999 and balance
sheet as at that date for publication, complying as far as possible with the provisions of IAS1
Presentation of Financial Statements and other relevant International Accounting Standards.
(b) Prepare the statement of changes in equity as presented in IAS1. Notes to the financial
statements are not required.
Date posted:
November 20, 2018
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Answers (1)
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Anne, Charlotte and Emily have been in partnership for some years, sharing profits in the ratio
50.30.20 and preparing their financial statements to 31 December each...
(Solved)
Anne, Charlotte and Emily have been in partnership for some years, sharing profits in the ratio
50.30.20 and preparing their financial statements to 31 December each year.
On 30 June 1998 Anne retired and Charlotte and Emily decided to continue the partnership
sharing profits equally.
The partnership list of account balances at 31 December 1998, before making any adjustments
for Anne's retirement or for the asset revaluation was as follows.
Notes
(1) Profits are to be assumed to accrue equally in the periods before and after
Anne's retirement
(2) The balance due to Anne is to remain in the partnership from 1 July 1998 as a loan
carrying no interest until 1 January
(3) The value of the partnership goodwill at 30 June 1998 was agreed by all three partners at
Shs 200,000. Goodwill is not to appear in the balance sheet after the adjustments
necessary at 30 June 1998.
(4) It was decided, as part of the process of valuing Anne's share of the
partnership, to revalue the land at 30 June from Shs 120,000 to Shs 160,000. The
increased value is to be included in the balance sheet.
(5) The inventory at 31 December 1998 was Shs 90,000
(6) Accruals and prepayments at 31 December 1998 were:
Rent paid in advance to 31 March 1999 Shs 5,000
General administrative expenses:
Prepayments Shs 1,800
Accruals Shs 6,200
(7) The allowance for doubtful debts is to be increased to Shs 2,400
(8) Depreciation is to be provided as follows:
Buildings 2 % per annum straight line
Shop and office equipment 15 % per annum straight line
Required:
(a) Prepare the income statement and a statement showing the division of the profit for the
year ended 31 December 1998 and balance sheet as at that date;
(b) Show the partners' capital and current accounts for the year Anne‟s loan account
Date posted:
November 20, 2018
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Answers (1)