Discuss the scope of peace and conflict studies

Peace and conflict studies are supposed to address perceived social needs interdisciplinary is used in the study of peace. The disciplines included are history, religion, philosophy, political science economics, international relations etc.
PACs are concerned with regulation between states as well as with the conditions in the societies that produce violence.
The guiding principle in peace research is non-violence and deep social change requires a grasp of their whole societies. It is interdisciplinary.
PACS addresses links between technological and social evolution, influence of religious and ethical values on the shaping of cultural attitudes towards violence and feminist perspectives. Its concern is the goal of reducing violence within and between societies.
It studies the means of creating a more peaceful locality, nation, region, continent and the entire world. Concepts studied include conflict resolution, arms control and disbarment and human rights.
Peace is among humanity’s highest values to the extent that people want at any given price. A proverb states, “the most disadvantaged peace is better than the most just war.” Peace is more important than all justice there is no good war or a bad peace.
The term peace is passed from a parent to child, created within generations, transmitted from one life experience to the next. It is a life skill we learn and practice. Peace is a greeting in many communities e.g. Mulembe or Shallom or “peace be unto you” (John 20:19-21) shows a peaceful life among disciples. International diplomacy states that in order to make peace, prepare for war.
Peace is the absence of a small amount of visible violence in society. Macharia Munene states that there are 2 types of peace i.e. generic peace is societal or home-grown peace while the peace is a construct of the ruling elite i.e. a state apparatus. In order to maintain peace, the state results to the police forces, courts and prison systems that act of the instruments to bring about and enforce this of peace in the domestic arena.
However, violence is a social and personal act that arises from unjust, repressive and oppressive national or international political and social structures e.g. a system that generates repression, abject poverty malnutrition and starvation for some members of society while others enjoy in abundance and unbridled power, inflicts conflicts that end up in violence does with the view of destroying life as much as overt violence does. Conflict is the result of lack of access to the basic needs of life and dignity. In Kenya abject poverty persists with a big section of society living below the poverty line of one dollar per day. This may endanger conflict and violence in the country.
According to Gautama Buddha peace is opposed to violent, antagonistic conflict such as the manifestation of threats and accusations, angry boycotts and notions. But conflict is a fact of life and the absence of war is not necessarily peace.
Conflict is a balancing of power which involves not only hostile or antagonistic balancing but also that of intellectual conflict e.g. a friendly disagreement or a lover’s conflict. Each of these conflicts ends in a social contract, and some peace.
The factors that cause conflict e.g. a friendly disagreement of a lover’s conflict. Each of these contents ends in a social contact and some peace.
The factors that cause conflict or peace are the same conditions in the minds men and women. Conditions that cause conflicts include:
External insecurity
Aggression from neighbours that seeks to dominate others and take away each others possessions.
Fear and hate campaigns against each other.
Lack of trust in government protective machinery or judicial system between societies.
Generational disarmament exercise among pastoral communities of the North Rift of Kenya.
Acts of cultural heroism e.g. Pokot, Samburu, Turkana, Karamojong.
Competition for resources and wealth society.
Wallerstein (1999) states World Peace exists that it is the global capitalist system that create shared interests among the dominant parties, thus inhibiting potentially harmful belligerence. Thus intertwined networks of interests in the global capitalism leads to the decline of individual nation states and the rise of a global empire which has no outside and no external enemies.

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jerop5614 answered the question on January 2, 2019 at 17:36