First of all, those bonds are hydrogen bonds. They are not very strong, and they break as the molecules get farther from each other or at a certain temperature.
Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. If we speak for the nucleic acid bases, here are the donors and acceptors:
Between Cytosine and Guanine, there are 3 pairs of acceptor-donor. Hydrogen of NH2 functions as donor, whereas oxygen atom right across functions as acceptor. You can apply the same for the others.
Between Thymine and Adenine, only 2 hydrogen bonds can form as the distance between 2 donors and 2 acceptors allows them to. Remember that, the distance whence a hydrogen bond can form is roughly around 2–4 Angström. Even though I can’t tell at the moment that what distance is between the oxygen and hydrogen of Thymine and Adenine, it is possible to have a look by computational tools. What we know is, they are too distant to form a hydrogen bond. Hence, 2 hydrogen bonds between the two.
Note: It is Thymine, not Thyamine. It may be confused with the vitamin B1, Thiamine.
Hope that helped!
Irene Linah answered the question on January 31, 2019 at 14:59
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