(a) They lower the surface tension of the water thus increasing the wetting power of water and penetration into the fibre.
(b) They emulsify grease/dirt and hold it in suspension to facilitate its removal by the water.
(c) They surround the dirt particles which have been dislodged from the fabric to prevent re-depositing onto the fabric.
lemass answered the question on February 10, 2019 at 20:07
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