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(a) Book value – historical or balance sheet value
Book value of an asset is determined using the net asset basis/liquidating method
where, the value of a share i.e
Value of a share = Net worth (equity)___ = Total Assets – Total Liabilities
No. of ordinary shares No. of ordinary shares
The main weakness of the book value valuation is that the data used is historical.
Replacement Value:
Its based on the cost of replacing the existing assets. However, only the productive
fixed assets can be replaced at ago since current assets are circulating working capital.
Replacement value = Replacement Cost of Fixed assets
No. of ordinary shares
The problems with this value are:
(i) It is based on one portion of total assets.
(ii) Replacement value is subjectively determined.
Substitution value
This involves determining the value of a security by looking at the value of a
similar/substitute value of a share of a competitor company in the same industry.
The problems with this value are:-
(i) Firms do not have similar productive assets for the purpose of using one
security as a substitute of the other.
(ii) There are no two firms which are identical or similar in their operating
characteristics e.g firms in the same industry will have different accounting
policies and management styles.
Intrinsic Value
It's the value determined using historical information and financial models
e.g the dividend yield model.
The problems with this value are:
(i) It is based on historical data.
(ii) The models may not be accurate in fact different models produce
different intrinsic values.
marto answered the question on February 11, 2019 at 07:17
- Three years ago, Mrs. Rehema Waziri was retrenched from the Civil Service. She invested
substantially all her terminal benefits in the shares of ABC Ltd., a...(Solved)
Three years ago, Mrs. Rehema Waziri was retrenched from the Civil Service. She invested substantially all her terminal benefits in the shares of ABC Ltd., a company quoted on the stock exchange. The dividend payments from this investment makes up a significant position of Mrs Waziri's income. She was alarmed when ABC Ltd. dropped its year 2001 dividend to Sh.1.25 per share from Sh.1.75 per share which it had paid in the previous two years. Mrs Waziri has approached you for advice and you have gathered the information given below regarding the financial condition of ABC Ltd. and the finance sector as a whole.
Notes:
1. Industry ratios have been roughly constant for the past four years.
2. Inventory turnover, total assets turnover and fixed assets turnover are based on the year-end balance sheet figures.
Required:
(a) The financial ratios for ABC Ltd for the past three years corresponding to industry ratios given above.
(b) Arrange the ratios calculated in (a) above in columnar form and summarize the strengths and weaknesses revealed by these ratios based on:
(i) Trends in the firm's ratios
(ii) Comparison with industry averages.
(The summary should focus on the liquidity, profitability and turnover ratios).
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
- Magharibi Cane Millers Ltd. is a company engaged in the pressing and processing of sugar cane
juice into refined sugar. For some time, the company has...(Solved)
Magharibi Cane Millers Ltd. is a company engaged in the pressing and processing of sugar cane
juice into refined sugar. For some time, the company has been considering the replacement of
its three existing machines.
The production manager has learnt from a professional newsletter on sugar of the availability of
a new and larger machine whose capacity is such that it can produce the same level of output per
annum currently produced by the three machines. Furthermore, the new machine would cut
down on the wastage of juice during processing. If the old machines are not replaced, an
extraordinary overhaul would be immediately necessary in order to maintain them in operational
condition. This overhaul would at present cost Sh.5,000,000 in total.
The following additional information is available:
Required:
(a) (i)Net present values of the proposed replacement decision using discount rates
of 10% and 20%.
(ii) The estimated internal rate of return (IRR) of the replacement decision using
the values determined in (i) above.
(iii) Advice management on the proposal based on your answer in (ii) above.
(b) Decision as to whether the project meets the financial viability test.
(c) Comment on any other qualitative considerations that could influence this decision.
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
- Multi-Link Ltd., a trading company, currently has negligible cash holdings but expects
to make a series of cash payments totaling Sh.150 million over the forthcoming year.
These...(Solved)
Multi-Link Ltd., a trading company, currently has negligible cash holdings but expects
to make a series of cash payments totaling Sh.150 million over the forthcoming year.
These payments will become due at a steady rate. Two alternative ways have been
suggested of meeting these obligations.
Alternative I
The company can make periodic sales from existing holdings of short-term securities.
The average percentage rate of return on these securities is 12 over the forthcoming
year. Whenever Multi-Link Ltd. sells the securities, it will incur a transaction fee of
Sh.15,000. The proceeds from the sale of the securities are placed on short-term deposit
at 7% per annum interest until needed.
Alternative II
The company can arrange for a secured loan amounting to Sh.150 million for one year
at an interest rate of 18% per annum based on the initial balance of the loan. The lender
also imposes a flat arrangement fee of Sh.50,000 which would be met out of existing
balances. The sum borrowed could be placed in a notice deposit at 9% per annum and
drawn down at no cost as and when required. Multi-Link Ltd.'s treasurer believes that
cash balances will be run down at an even rate throughout the year.
Required:
Explain the weaknesses of the Baumol model in the management of
cash.
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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(i) Explain the role of the following members:
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(ii) Explain the meaning of the...(Solved)
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(i) Explain the role of the following members
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- Market makers
- Underwriters
(ii) Explain the meaning of the following terms:
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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Highlight four advantages and disadvantages to a company of being listed on a stock
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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Rafiki Hardware Tools Company Limited sells plumbing fixtures on terms of 2/10 net 30. Its
financial statements for the last three years are as follows:
Required:
(a) For each of the three years, calculate the following ratios:
Acid test ratio, Average collection period, inventory turnover, Total debt/equity, Net
profit margin and return on assets.
(b) From the ratios calculated above, comment on the liquidity, profitability and gearing
positions of the company
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
- The management of Furaha Packers Ltd. is planning to carry out two activities at the
same time to:
(i) determine the best credit policy for its customers
(ii)...(Solved)
The management of Furaha Packers Ltd. is planning to carry out two activities at the
same time to:
(i) determine the best credit policy for its customers
(ii) find out the optimal level of ordering orange juice from its suppliers.
The following data have been collected to assist in making the decisions:
1. Annual requirements of orange juice are 2,100,000 litres
2. The carrying cost of the juice is Sh.8 per litre per year
3. The cost of placing an order is Sh.1,400.
4. The required rate of return for this type of investment is 18% after tax.
5. Debtors currently are running at Sh.60 million and have an average collection
period of 40 days.
6. Sales are expected to increase by 20% if the credit terms are relaxed and to
result in an average collection period of 60 days.
7. 60% of sales are on credit.
8. The gross margin on sales is 30% and is to be maintained in future.
FINANCIAL
Required:
(i) Use the inventory (Baumol) model to determine the economic order quantity
and the ordering and holding costs at these levels per annum.
(ii) Determine if the company should switch to the new credit policy.
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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The company's financial analyst has predicted that dividends would grow at
20% for...(Solved)
The dividend per share of Mavazi Limited as at 31 December 2000 was Sh.2.50.
The company's financial analyst has predicted that dividends would grow at
20% for five years after which growth would fall to a constant rate of 7%. The
analyst has also projected a required rate of return of 10% for the equity market.
Mavazi's shares have a similar risk to the typical equity market.
Required:
The intrinsic value of shares of Mavazi Ltd. As at 31 December 2000.
Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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(ii)...(Solved)
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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The grinder had a life of 8 years at the time...(Solved)
Mumias Milling Company purchased a grinder 3 years ago at a cost of Sh.3.5 million.
The grinder had a life of 8 years at the time of purchase. It is being depreciated at 15%
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grinder costing Sh.7 million with an expected useful life of 5 years.
Due to increased efficiency, the profit before depreciation is expected to increase by
Sh.400,000 a year. The old and new grinders will now be depreciated at 25% per year on
a declining balance for tax purposes.
The salvage value of the new grinder is estimated at Sh.210,000. The market value of the
old grinder, today, is Sh.4 million. It is estimated to have a zero salvage value after 5
years.
The company's tax is 30% and the after tax cost of capital is 12%.
Required
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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Date posted: February 8, 2019. Answers (1)
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(i) On May 31, the Treasury Bond had a 120-day remaining life. On that day what
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Explain how the Capital Authority can ensure:
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Date posted: February 7, 2019. Answers (1)