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- Fair value adjustment:
The issues is whether fair value adjustment in the purchase method of accounting give rise to deferred tax where the full provision method is used, some feel that deferred tax should not be provided on fair value adjustments because these adjustments are made as a consolidation entry only. Rarely are they taxable or tax deductible and therefore do not affect the tax burden of the company.
It is argued that providing for deferred tax on fair value adjustments is not an allocation of an expense but can be used as a smoothing device. Finally, the difference between the carrying amount of net assets acquired and their fair value is goodwill and therefore no deferred tax is required.
The arguments in favour of deferred tax are conceptual by nature. If the net assets of the acquirer are shown in the group accounts, then this will affect the post acquisition earnings of the group and tax should be excluded. Additionally, since an acquisition gives rise to no tax effect, the effective tax rate in the profit and loss account should not be distorted as a result of the acquisition. Thus deferred tax should as an adjustment to reflect the reduction in the value of the asset.
- Revaluation of Fixed Assets:
Can be seen as creating a further temporary difference because it reflects an adjustment of depreciation which is itself a temporary difference. Alternative view is that is a permanent difference as it has no equivalent within the tax computation. The revaluation is not a reversal of previous depreciation, simply which the remaining life of the asset will measure at a different amount. Deferred tax is a valuation adjustment and whilst a revaluation does not directly give rise to a tax liability, the tax status of the asset is inferior to an equivalent asset at historical cost and therefore provision or deferred tax should be made in order to reflect the true after tax cost of the asset.
The revalued asset would not attract the same tax allowances as an asset purchased for the same amount and therefore if deferred tax was not provided it would distort the post revaluation effective tax rate.
marto answered the question on February 14, 2019 at 07:03
- Sumias Sugar Company Limited is in the process of finalizing its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2003.
Its loss before taxation for the...(Solved)
Sumias Sugar Company Limited is in the process of finalizing its financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2003.
Its loss before taxation for the year is Sh.110 million. Included in this figure is a capital gain on the sale of some land: the capital gain was Sh.20 million. In arrival at loss figure, non-allowable expenses (for taxation purposes) of Sh.10 million had been incurred and a non-allowable depreciation charge of Sh.120 million had also been made. The equivalent tax-allowable capital allowances (wear and tear deductions and farm works deductions) figure was Sh.50 million.
The performance of the company depends very much on how much cheap sugar is imported tax free from COMESA region. However, the directors have an assurance from the Treasury that suitable action will be taken. Based on this assurance you have projected that profit in the year to 31 March 2004 will be Sh.150 million; there will be a non-allowable expenses of Sh.20 million in the year to 31 March 2004, and it is envisaged that a non-taxable capital gain will be made ofSh.10 million (you have included these in the projected profit of Sh.150 million). The capital allowances figure will be Sh.80 million and the depreciation charge will be Sh.130 million.
At 31 March 2002, there was a deferred tax liability due to accelerated capital allowances of Sh.500 million and a deferred tax asset on a tax loss brought forward of Sh.20 million. The rate of corporation tax throughout the period should be taken to be 30%. Tax losses can be carried backwards in Kenya, but can be carried forward indefinitely.
Required:
(a). Compare the tax liability for the year ended 31 March 2003 and the estimated liability for the year ending 31 March 2004.
(b). Show the part of the income statement from 'profit (loss) before tax' to 'profit (loss) after tax' and showing the tax charge or credit in its separate components and as a sub-total, for both years.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- The following incomplete balance sheet relate to Concorde Ltd for the years ended 31 December 2007:(Solved)
The following incomplete balance sheet relate to Concorde Ltd for the years ended 31 December 2007:
Additional information:
1. The company reported an accounting profit before tax of sh.60 million for the year ended 31 December 2007. This profit was arrived at as shown below:
2. The company declared a dividend of sh.10 million for the year ended 31 December 2007.
3. Depreciation on plant and equipment is provided at the rate of 20% on straight-line basis. Plant and equipment qualify for capital allowances at the rate of 25% of cost on straight –line basis.
4. Accumulated tax depreciation as at 31 December 2006 was sh.50 million. On 1 February 2007, the company purchased additional costing sh.150 million. The company’s policy is to charge a full year’s depreciation in the year of purchase and none in the year of disposal.
5. Included in selling and distribution expenses is sh.5 million representing an expense which was disallowed by the tax authorities.
6. The company charged the income statement with sh.14 million representing pension costs for the year ended 31 December 2007. Sh.11.5 million of this amount was allowed for tax purposes.
7. The company made a general provision for bad debts of sh.3 million for the year ended 31 December 2007. There were no bad debts written off during the year.
8. On 31 July 2007, the company made a tax payment of sh.15 million.
9. Corporation rate of tax is 30%.
10. The company separately accounts for deductible and taxable temporary differences.
Required:
i) Determine the charge in the income statement for current tax and deferred tax expenses.
ii) Prepare the income statement showing the retained profit balance.
iii) Prepare the complete balance sheet.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Define the following terms as used in IAS 12-Income Taxes:
i) Deferred tax liabilities
ii) Deferred tax assets.
iii) Temporary differences.(Solved)
Define the following terms as used in IAS 12-Income Taxes:
i) Deferred tax liabilities
ii) Deferred tax assets.
iii) Temporary differences.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Explain to a non-accountant the difference between the “income statement view” and the “balance sheet view” of deferred tax.
(Solved)
Explain to a non-accountant the difference between the “income statement view” and the “balance sheet view” of deferred tax.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Maji Limited had a deferred tax liability of Sh. 105 million as at 1 June 2010. During the year ended 31 May 2011, the...(Solved)
Maji Limited had a deferred tax liability of Sh. 105 million as at 1 June 2010. During the year ended 31 May 2011, the company had the following items with regard to estimating deferred tax:
1. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as at 31 May 2011 was Sh.980 million. This included some buildings which were revalued upwards by Sh 50 million at 31 May 2010 which had a remaining useful life of 10 years at that date. The company's accounting policy is to treat revaluation surpluses as realized on disposal of the revalued assets. The tax base of property, plant and equipment as at 31 May 2011 was Sh 640 million.
2. Deferred development expenditure amounted to Sh.45 million at year end (Sh.40 million as at 31 May 2010). Sh.10 million of additional development expenditure was incurred during the year and the remaining difference between 2010 and 2011 figures relates to development expenditure amortized for products that have started being commercially produced. All development expenditure is allowed for tax purposes.
3. Included in current assets is an amount of Sh.40 million due in respect of some patent royalties on one of the company's older products which is now being produced by other companies. Patent royalties are taxed only when received.
4. The company’s tax rate proposals.
Required:
i) The deferred tax balance as at 31 May 2011 and the relevant journal entry.
ii) The directors of Maji Limited have proposed that deferred tax should be discounted and also provided on the share of post-acquisition profits in its subsidiary and associate companies.
Comment on these proposals.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Lami Limited had a deferred tax liability as at I May 2011 of Sh.100 million. For the purposes of preparing financial statements for the year...(Solved)
Lami Limited had a deferred tax liability as at I May 2011 of Sh.100 million. For the purposes of preparing financial statements for the year ended 30 April 2012, the following additional information is available:
1. Property, plant and equipment has a carrying amount of Sh.1,200 million and a tax base of Sh.1,000 million. Some land and buildings were revalued upwards by Sh.50 million during the year ended 30 April 2012.
2. Intangible assets consisting of trade licences being amortized over five years had a carrying amount of Sh 60 million. This was allowed for tax purposes in full two years ago.
3. The company has available for sale financial assets with a carrying amount of Sh.20 million and financial assets at fair value through profit and loss of Sh. 10 million. Both financial assets reported losses in fair value of Sh.2 million each as at 30 April 2012.
4. Inventory is shown at the lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost is Sh.800 million while the net realizable value is Sh.780 million.
5. Receivables had a carrying amount of Sh.500,million after making an allowance for doubtful debt of Sh.20 million and an exchange gain of Sh.40 million (unrealized). Both the allowance and exchange gain arc not allowed for tax purposes.
6. Trade and other payable are stated at Sh. 900 million after making provision for discount of Sh. 10 million.
7. Assume a tax rate of 30%.
Required
i) Compute the relevant temporary differences.
ii) Show the journal entry to record changes in the deferred tax liability
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Justify the provision of deferred tax using temporary differences in the financial statements of a reporting entity.(Solved)
Justify the provision of deferred tax using temporary differences in the financial statements of a reporting entity.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Standard setters have been struggling for several years with the practical issues of the disclosure, recognition, and measurement of financial statements. The dynamic nature of...(Solved)
Standard setters have been struggling for several years with the practical issues of the disclosure, recognition, and measurement of financial statements. The dynamic nature of international markets has resulted in the widespread use of a variety of financial instruments, and present accounting rules struggle to deal effectively with the impact and risks of such instruments.
Required
a) i) Discuss the concerns about the accounting practices used for financial instruments which led to demands for an accounting standard.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- IAS 32 'Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation' states that the purpose of the disclosures required by this standard is to provide information that will enhance...(Solved)
IAS 32 'Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation' states that the purpose of the disclosures required by this standard is to provide information that will enhance understanding of the significance of on-balance-sheet and off-balance-sheet financial instruments to an enterprise’s financial position, performance and cash flow and assist in assessing the amounts, timing and certainty of future cash flows associated with those instruments. State and briefly describe three types of financial risks described in the standard, in relation to transactions in financial instruments.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- With reference to IAS 39(Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement), explain how financial instruments are initially recognized and subsequently measured in the books of a reporting...(Solved)
With reference to IAS 39(Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement), explain how financial instruments are initially recognized and subsequently measured in the books of a reporting entity.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Redline Limited invested in 10% loan stock on 1 November 2007 given a par value of Sh. 20 million. The issuer of the loan stock...(Solved)
Red line Limited invested in 10% loan stock on 1 November 2007 given a par value of Sh. 20 million. The issuer of the loan stock was Borrow Limited. The loan stock was for five years and is to be settled on 31 October 2012. The loan stock was quoted but Red line Limited was to hold it to maturity. The effective interest rate on 1 November 2007 was 12% and this had not changed over the three years to 31 October 2010.
On 31 October 2010, Borrow Limited, after paying the annual interest, went into financial difficulties and Red line Limited estimated that interest would be received over the remaining two years but only half of the loan stock would be received on maturity. The loan stock was therefore impaired.
Required:
Explain how the loan stock in Borrow Limited will be reported in the financial statements for the year ended 31 October 2010.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Biz Ltd. invested in the shares of ABC Ltd. and XYZ Ltd. where the two were designated as a hedge based on cash.
The investments were...(Solved)
Biz Ltd. invested in the shares of ABC Ltd. and XYZ Ltd. where the two were designated as a hedge based on cash.
The investments were made up as follows:
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Explain the three main types of hedge as provided in IAS 39 (Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement) and their accounting treatment.(Solved)
Explain the three main types of hedge as provided in IAS 39 (Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement) and their accounting treatment.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- With reference to IAS 37 (Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets), differentiate between a 'constructive obligation' and a 'contingent liability'.
(Solved)
With reference to IAS 37 (Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets), differentiate between a 'constructive obligation' and a 'contingent liability'.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- The distinction between a provision and a contingent liability is irrelevant. Discuss.(Solved)
The distinction between a provision and a contingent liability is irrelevant. Discuss.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Discuss the approach taken by International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 in measuring and classifying financial assets and the main effect that IFRS 9 will...(Solved)
Discuss the approach taken by International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 in measuring and classifying financial assets and the main effect that IFRS 9 will have on accounting for financial assets.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- (a) IAS 16: property, plant and equipment gives certain criteria to be satisfied before an item of property, plant and equipment should be recognized as...(Solved)
(a) IAS 16: property, plant and equipment gives certain criteria to be satisfied before an item of property, plant and equipment should be recognized as an asset. State these criteria and state the value at which the asset should be measured initially. Give six examples of directly attributable costs that could be included in the value and four examples of cost that should not be included in the value.
(b) Chumuki Supermarket Limited is a quoted company which runs 22 Supermarket stores throughout Kenya. 12 of these stores are situated in and around Nairobi and all 12 are supplied by Chumuki’s central go down situated in the industrial area of Nairobi. Pricing, marketing and human resources policies are decided centrally by Chumuki. All stores are managed in the same way and management run the business on a store-by-store profit basis.
Recently, the Githurai store has seriously under performed against its budget for the year ending 31 December 2000. Rising insecurity in the area together with difficulties in obtaining access to the store have seriously adversely affected its financial performance. The Githurai store together with the Kahawa store were purchased from Ruiru Superstores on 1 January 1998 for Sh.25 million and Sh.25 million and Sh.15 million respectively plus goodwill of Sh.8 million for both stores. The stores are being depreciated on the straightline method to nil residual value over 20 years the goodwill is being amortized to nil on the straight line basis over the same period. The Githurai store could be sold for Sh.15 million net. Its value in use is Sh.20 million. Management have performed a “bottom-up” test in relation to the goodwill and the purchase prices of the stores and are satisfied that a 'top-down' test is not needed.
Required:
State in detail how the impairment loss should be recognized for the Githurai cash-generating unit in the financial Statements for the year ending 31 December 2000: neither depreciation nor amortization has yet been charged for this period. State also the carrying value of the Githurai cash-generating unit after the impairment loss has been recognized. Ignore deferred tax.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Identify and explain five indicators which show that an impairment loss to a fixed asset may have occurred.(Solved)
Identify and explain five indicators which show that an impairment loss to a fixed asset may have occurred.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- The following information is provided relating to the carrying amount of the assets comprising the cash generating units of Alexo Ltd as at 30 September...(Solved)
The following information is provided relating to the carrying amount of the assets comprising the cash generating units of Alexo Ltd as at 30 September 2009:
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)
- Briefly explain any three factors that may indicate that a financial asset is impaired.(Solved)
Briefly explain any three factors that may indicate that a financial asset is impaired.
Date posted: February 14, 2019. Answers (1)