Argue the case for and against the participation of departmental managers in the
preparation of their budgets
Case For
(i) Managers will help to create and monitor a budget that will improve performance in their
department and the organization.
(ii) They will use the budget process as a planning tool to consistently meet and exceed
financial goals and expectations.
(iii) Managers will know how to determine profit margin and break-even points.
(iv) They will accurately judge the impact of expenses on projects and make forecasts on
performance.
Case against
(i) It may lead to creation of budget slack. Where managers are able to influence their budget
standard, there is a possibility that they will bias the information in order to gain the greatest
possible benefit. This will apply particularly where the reward system places great stress on
achieving the budget.
(ii) Participation may encourage managers to adopt a departmental self-centred approach and
concentrate solely on maximizing the benefits of their own departments at the expense of the
benefits of the organization as a whole.
(iii) The advantage of management participation may be negated by failure to implement the
budget by senior management leading to dissatisfaction similar to that experienced with
imposed budgets.
(iv) Such budgets may cause managers to introduce budgetary slacks ( A budgetary slack is a
margin set between what can be achieved and what managers state will be achieved)
(v) Managers may be unqualified to participate and therefore the budgets may be unachievable.
marto answered the question on February 22, 2019 at 08:42
- Outline three advantages of flexible budgets over static budgets as tools for planning and
control.(Solved)
Outline three advantages of flexible budgets over static budgets as tools for planning and
control.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Differentiate between the following types of budgets
i) Functional budget and master budget.
ii) Rolling budget and incremental budget.(Solved)
Differentiate between the following types of budgets
i) Functional budget and master budget.
ii) Rolling budget and incremental budget.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- XYZ Ltd. Carries on its business in Nairobi. The company has been reporting its profits using
absorption costing system. During the financial year ended 30 September...(Solved)
XYZ Ltd. Carries on its business in Nairobi. The company has been reporting its profits using
absorption costing system. During the financial year ended 30 September 2005, the following
summary statement was provided:
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Jogi Transporters operate in the transport industry. On 1 December 2005, the management
acquired a new lorry to meet customer needs and cater for the increase...(Solved)
Jogi Transporters operate in the transport industry. On 1 December 2005, the management
acquired a new lorry to meet customer needs and cater for the increase in business volume.
The following information relates to the initial and maintenance cost of the lorry.
Additional information:
1. The lorry has an economic life of 4 years.
2. The lorry has 6 tyres after each costing Sh.8000
3. Service is carried out after every 5,000 kilometres.
4. On average the lorry covers 20 kilometres per litre of fuel consumed.
5. The lorry is projected to cover 100,000 kilometres in January 2006, 25,000 kilometres in
Required:
Prepare a schedule for the three months showing
i. Variable costs per kilometer
ii. Fixed costs per kilometer
iii. Total costs per kilometer
c) Fixed costs are actually variable cost
With reference to (b) above explain whether you agree or disagree with the statement.
February 2006 and 50,000 kilometres in March 2006.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Briefly explain the following terms as used in cost accounting:
i. Mixed costs
ii. Cost behaviour
iii. Incremental cost(Solved)
Briefly explain the following terms as used in cost accounting:
i. Mixed costs
ii. Cost behaviour
iii. Incremental cost
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Happy Holidays Resort operates a leisure complex in Watamu Town. The company offers a
variety of facilities among which are sporting, accommodation, a shopping centre and...(Solved)
Happy Holidays Resort operates a leisure complex in Watamu Town. The company offers a
variety of facilities among which are sporting, accommodation, a shopping centre and a
restaurant.
The accountant of the resort is preparing a budget for the busy season which lasts for twenty
weeks. Eight weeks out of the twenty are considered to be peak period.
The accommodation facility comprises 80 single rooms and 40 double rooms. The prices charged
for double rooms are 150% of the single room rate
The following forecasts have been made:
1 Accommodation facility : Daily variable costs will be Sh.500 for single room
and Sh.700 for double room.
: Fixed costs will be Sh.1, 700,000.
2 Sporting facility : Resident charges will be Sh.200 per person per day.
:Casual customers will be charged Sh.500 per day, for
use of this facility
3 Restaurant facility :This facility will generate an average contribution of
Sh.300 per person per day
: Fixed cost will be Sh.2, 500,000.
4 Shopping centre facility : This facility will generate a contribution of
Sh.2,000,000.
5 Bookings : All rooms are booked for the peak season. For the
remainder of the busy season occupancy is expected to
be 60% for double rooms 70% for single rooms.
: On average, there will be 50 casual customers per
day. All customers are assumed to dine at the restaurant
and use the sports facility.
The resort's policy is that only two people can occupy a double room.
Required:
(i). Break – even rate per single room and double room.
(ii). If a profit of Sh.10 million is budgeted for on the accommodation facility alone, compute the
required rate per single and per double room.
(iii). If the leisure complex aims at earning Sh.10 million on accommodation, prepare the budgeted
complex statement for the complex
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- State the limitations of break – even analysis.(Solved)
State the limitations of break – even analysis.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- State the methods that a company can use to determine the break-even point or the output needed
to achieve a target operating income.(Solved)
State the methods that a company can use to determine the break-even point or the output needed
to achieve a target operating income.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Urembo Ltd. Produces and sell a wide range of homecare detergents. Currently the company has
sufficient spare capacity to undertake additional contracts.
Additional information:
1. The company absorbs...(Solved)
Urembo Ltd. Produces and sell a wide range of homecare detergents. Currently the company has
sufficient spare capacity to undertake additional contracts.
Additional information:
1. The company absorbs production overhead using a rate of 200% on direct wages. The rate is
derived from the following budgeted figures:
Sh.
3. Urembo Ltd has a purchase order to supply Watalii Restaurant with 4,000 units of ,fresh'
beauty soap at Sh.32 each.
4. If the purchase order is accepted the normal budgeted sales of Urembo Ltd. Would be
affected adversely.
Required:
(i). Advise the management of urembo Ltd on whether to accept the purchase order from
Watalii Restaurant
(ii). Explain the principles that you have applied in arriving at the conclusion in (b) (i) above.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Maridadi limited a privately owned company, specializes in the manufacture of these products
namely, hair combs, hair rollers and hair bands.
For the financial year commencing 1...(Solved)
Maridadi limited a privately owned company, specializes in the manufacture of these products
namely, hair combs, hair rollers and hair bands.
For the financial year commencing 1 August 2008, the sales manager has prepared the following
two possible sales forecasts:
3. Direct labour cost will be restricted to a maximum of sh. 250,000 in the period. This is
assumed that labour is of the same grade and is freely transferable between products
4. Other resources are expected to be available
Required:
i. Identify the principal budget factor
ii. Calculate the sales budget mix that you would recommend to maximize profit
iii. Compute the maximum profit that could be generated by Maridadi limited.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Rangi limited, a paint manufacturer produces two types of plant namely 'gloss' and 'Shine'
The following information relates to the company?s projections for the year ending...(Solved)
Rangi limited, a paint manufacturer produces two types of plant namely 'gloss' and 'Shine'
The following information relates to the company‟s projections for the year ending 31 December
2008.
Required:
i. Compute the break-even point of Gloss in units and break-even point of „Shine” in
shillings
ii. Given that customers purchase composite units of sox for 'Gloss' and four for 'Shine'
calculate composite unit contribution margin.
iii. Given that customers purchase composite units of six for 'Gloss' and one litre of 'Shine'
calculate the composite contribution margin ratio.
iv. Determine the break even sales in shillings assuming that 'Gloss and Shine' become
components and that there is no change in the company's cost.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- ABC limited manufactures and sells a single product branded “Zed”. The following data has been
extracted from the budgets and standard costs to product “Zed”.(Solved)
ABC limited manufactures and sells a single product branded 'Zed'. The following data has been
extracted from the budgets and standard costs to product 'Zed'.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Westlife company limited manufacturers three products X, Y, and Z
The following data relating to the products is provided(Solved)
Westlife company limited manufacturers three products X, Y, and Z
The following data relating to the products is provided
Required:
i. Optimal production mix that would result in the maximum profit
ii. Forecast ed profits statement using the optimal production mix in (b) (i) above
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Reality Company Ltd. has increased its output from 12,900 kilogrammes (kg) in year 2008 to 17,300
kilogrammes (kg) in year 2009. Data for its four products...(Solved)
Reality Company Ltd. has increased its output from 12,900 kilogrammes (kg) in year 2008 to 17,300
kilogrammes (kg) in year 2009. Data for its four products in the year 2009 are as follows:
Additional information:
1. Labour is scarce and cannot be increased by more than 5% of the company's existing capacity.
2. Fixed overheads are absorbed on the basis of direct labour cost.
3. Visionary company Ltd. Has offered to supply 2,000 kilogrammes of product B at a final price of
90% of reality Company Ltd.s selling price.
4. The extra capacity created will enable reality Company Ltd to produce extra units of product A.
Required:
(a) Determine whether Reality Company Ltd. should accept the offer from Visionary Company Ltd.
(b) Assuming that Reality Company Ltd. decides to outsource in order to create extra capacity,
determine the best product to outsource among the four products.
(c) Highlight four factors to consider before discontinuing the production of a product.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Leisure Enterprises is in the process of determining the viability of a concert in Nairobi.
The following information shows the estimated cost of the concert:
1. Estimated...(Solved)
Leisure Enterprises is in the process of determining the viability of a concert in Nairobi.
The following information shows the estimated cost of the concert
1. Estimated fixed costs are Sh. 600,000
2. Variable costs are Sh. 100 per ticket sold
3. The proposed price for the sale of a ticket is Sh. 200
4. The expected sales are 8,000 tickets
Required:
i) Number of tickets that must be sold to break-even
ii) Number of tickets that be sold to earn a target profit of Sh. 300,000
iii) The profit that would be realized if 8,000 tickets are sold
iv) The selling price to be charged to earn a profit of Sh. 300,000 on sale of 8,000 tickets, fixed
costs of Sh. 600,000 and variable costs of Sh. 100 per ticket.
v) Percentage margin of safety
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Highlight six limitations of cost-volume-profit analysis.(Solved)
Highlight six limitations of cost-volume-profit analysis.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Describe the difference between the accountant's and the economist's model of cost-volume profit
analysis.(Solved)
Describe the difference between the accountant's and the economist's model of cost-volume profit
analysis.
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- PQR limited is a manufacturer of sports shoes. The company uses a standard system. The standard
cost per pair of spots shoes is as follows:(Solved)
PQR limited is a manufacturer of sports shoes. The company uses a standard system. The standard
cost per pair of spots shoes is as follows:
Additional information
1. During the month of March 2011, production was 10,000 units as planned but he sales made
were 8,000 units
2. The total fixed production overhead variance during the month was sh. 100,000 adverse
3. The standard fixed production overhead absorption rate was based on a budgeted activity of
10,00 units
4. There was no opening stock at the beginning of the month
5. All units were sold at the standard selling price
6. Other costs incurred during the month were as follows:
Required:
a) Income statement for the month of March 2011 using
i. Absorption costing
ii. Marginal costing
b)
i. Explain the reason why the income statement under absorption costing shows a different
profit or loss figure compared with the income statement under marginal costing.
ii. Reconciliation statement of the difference between the profit or loss under absorption
costing and marginal costing in (a) above
Date posted: February 22, 2019. Answers (1)
- Highlight six advantages of break-even charts.(Solved)
Highlight six advantages of break-even charts.
Date posted: February 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Daiton Ltd. manufactures four products; AA, BB, CC and DD. The budgeted income statement for the
month of June 2012 is as follows:(Solved)
Daiton Ltd. manufactures four products; AA, BB, CC and DD. The budgeted income statement for the
month of June 2012 is as follows:
Required;
a) Calculate the shortfall in the hours available.
b) Rank the products in order of priority based on the contribution per hour.
c) Advise the management on the most profitable product mix.
d) The management of Daiton Ltd. is considering whether to discontinue the manufacture of product
BB which is' expected to realize a loss in June 2012.
Advise the management whether product BB should be discontinued from production, citing two
reasons for your advice.
Date posted: February 21, 2019. Answers (1)