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i)Organic pollutants.
They easily decompose in water and consume dissolved oxygen, leading ultimately to eutrophication .Originate from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, as well as from seepage of old and new landfills.
ii)Nutrients.
-These include mainly phosphate and nitrate and their increased concentration can lead to eutrophication; originate from human and animal waste, detergents and run-off from agricultural fertilizers.
iii)Heavy metals.
Such pollution tends to be localized around industrial and mining centres. Heavy metals also originate from military activities and through leaching of decommissioned industrial sites and former military areas.
iv)Microbial contamination from bacteria such as E.coli, protists and amoebae that comes from untreated sewage as well as animal husbandry.
v)Toxic organic compounds comprise industrial chemicals, plastics, dioxins, agricultural pesticides, oil and petroleum (group of hydrocarbons), and polycyclic hydrocarbons generated from burning of fuel.
vi)Salinization, mainly occurring in arid and semiarid regions.Although it can also occur naturally, unsustainable irrigation and inadequate drainage promotes secondary salinization. It can also be the result of irrigation with salt water, after freshwater has been replaced in coastal aquifers due to over-abstraction.
vii)Acidification, which is connected to the lowering of the pH of the water due to sulfuric deposition produced by industrial activity and also urban emissions.
jim items answered the question on March 6, 2019 at 12:43
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