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(i) Type of universe:
- Clearly define the set of objects (Universe) to be studied. The universe can be finite (certain number of items) or infinite (no idea how many items –eg. number of radio listeners etc).
(ii) Sampling unit:
ABA 431- Research Methods for Business Management Page 35 of 46
- Sampling unit may be a geographical (county, village, etc.), or social unit (eg family, club, school, etc., or it may be an individual. The researcher will have to decide one or more of such units that he has to select for his study.
(iii) Source list (sampling frame) -It contains the names of all items of a universe (in case of finite universe only). If source list is not available, researcher has to prepare it. Such a list should be comprehensive, correct, reliable and appropriate. It is extremely important for the source list to be as representative of the population as possible.
(iv) Sample Size
- Refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample.
- The size of sample should neither be excessively large, nor too small. It should be optimum. An optimum sample is one which fulfils the requirements of efficiency, representativeness, reliability and flexibility.
- The researcher must determine the desired precision as also an acceptable confidence level for the estimate. The size of population variance needs to be considered as in case of larger variance usually a bigger sample is needed. The size of population must be kept in view for this also limits the sample size. The parameters of interest in a research study must be kept in view, while deciding the size of the sample.
- Costs too dictate the size of sample that we can draw. As such, budgetary constraint must invariably be taken into consideration when we decide the sample size.
(v) Parameters of interest:
- It is important to consider the question of the specific population parameters which are of interest. For instance, we may be interested in estimating the proportion of persons with some characteristic in the population, or we may be interested in knowing some average or the other measure concerning the population. There may also be important sub-groups in the population about whom we would like to make estimates. All this has a strong impact upon the sample design we would accept.
(vi) Budgetary constraint:
- Cost considerations, from practical point of view, have a major impact upon decisions relating to not only the size of the sample but also to the type of sample. This fact can even lead to the use of a non-probability sample.
(vii) Sampling procedure
- The technique/procedure to be used in selecting the items for the sample.
- Should yield smaller sample error with minimum cost.
Kavungya answered the question on March 7, 2019 at 07:50
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