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1. Zygospores – Are diploid spores formed when hyphae of two opposite (called plus and minus strains) strains fuse and create a zygote that swells and becomes covered by strong spiny walls.
- When its wall is disrupted and moisture and nutrient conditions are suitable, the zygospore germinates and forms a mycelium that gives rise to a sporangium.
- Meiosis of diploid cells of the sporangium results in haploid nuclei that develop into sporagiospores
- Both the sporangia and the sporagiospores that arise from sexual processes are outwardly identical to the sexual processes and are outwardly identical to the asexual type, but the spores arising from the union of two separate fungal parents, are genetically different.
2. Ascopores – Are haploid spores created inside a special fungal sac or ascus
- The spores are formed when two different strains or sexes join together to produce offspring. The male sexual organ fuses with the female sexual organ resulting in terminal cells each containing a diploid nucleus.
- The nucleus undergoes meiosis to form four haploid nuclei that mature into ascopores
- A ripe ascus breaks open and releases the ascospores.
3. Basidiospores – Are haploid sexual spores formed on the outside of a club shaped cell called a basidium.
Two maturing types come together, fuse and form terminal cells with diploid nuclei. Each of those cells becomes a basidium. Its nucleus produces four haploid cells through meiosis. The nuclei are extruded through the top of the basidium where they develop into basidiospores e.g. in a mushroom
4. Fungal ecology
- Have two broad habitats (1) Aquatic (2) Terrestrial
- Aquatic fungi are both benthic (at bottom waters) and pelagic (surface waters)
- They occur in both fresh and marine water where they are either parasitic or saprophytic.
Kavungya answered the question on March 12, 2019 at 13:48
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