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The first group of seven vertebrae at the neck region are known as cervical vertebrae.The first vertebra the atlas has broad surfaces that articulate with the occipital bones;of skull thus support head;and allow nodding the head;the second axis articulates with atlas;it has a broad and pointed projection at the centrum the odointoid process;that allows for rotatory movement of the head/acts as pivot joint ;all cervical vertebrae have short and broad transverse processes;for attachment of neck muscles;atlas and axis have a wider neural canal;for spinal cord is widest to pass through;(spinal cord is widest at this region)the neural arch and centrum projects the spinal cord;neural spine is short for attachment of neck muscles;vertebraterial canals in cervical vertebrae for passage of artery/blood vessels to head;
Thoracic vertebrae have facets for articulation with ribs;and short transverse processes; for attachment of muscles of the back;neural spine is long and face backward;which gives an overlap lie on centrum of next thoracic vertebra to provide strong support; there are 12 thoracic vertebrae.
Capitular and tubercular facets;for articulation with ribs;lumbar vertebrae are found on the abdominal region,are five in number,have broad two large transverse processes; that are directed towards;and a broad neural spine that projects upwards;these offer large surface for attachment of large abdominal muscles;centrum is thick to provide support;
Above vertebrae articulate with each other through facets on the pre and postzygapophysis;cartilaginous intervertebral discs;are found between the vertebrae;limited movement/flexibility that allows for bending and turning is provided for;sacral vertebrae.
Bones of the sacral(hip)region are fused;together to form the sacrum the centrum of each is large to provide support;the sacrum is rigid and provides additional support,that carries weight of body;through attachment to pelvic girdle through large wing-like transverse processes of the first sacral vertebra;neural spine in sacral vertebrae is small for attachment of back muscles.
Belan answered the question on March 23, 2019 at 14:06
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