a) Perceptual bias: occurs when the recipient has ‘selective hearing’ and selects what they want to hear. This can result in the wrong message being received.
For example: smokers may see the warning on cigarette packets but the message may not be transmitted because a barrier has already been created which makes the smoker select only the favorable message about smoking and to ‘tune out’ messages they do not like.
b) Un clarified assumptions/preconceptions
This is when one or more people who are communicating believe something to be true, which they have not checked.
c) Stereotyping
This is a type of un clarified assumptions. It is an attitude towards other people that implies “all people of that type behave in the same way. It makes assumptions about the personalities, likes, dislikes etc. without taking the time to discover what an individual person is like.
d) Prejudice
This is the most extreme and unacceptable form of psychological noise.
It is a strong negative attitude that a person holds towards another group of people who are different in some way.
Prejudice will cause you not to pay attention to the message because you are too emotionally involved with your feelings against the person who is delivering the message.
marto answered the question on March 29, 2019 at 11:32
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