i) Hadith / Sunnah
Hadith /Sunnah is the second source of Sharia to the Qur’an. The Prophet would
sometimes explain the intent of the Quranic text by making a statement, at other times by an act.
For example the Quran commands believers to establish regular prayers without description of the
time they have performed. So the Prophet prayed among his followers. Revelation on matters of
inheritance is in the Qur’an, but it was the Prophet who gave an elaborate explanation of how the
property should be shared out.
ii) Al- Ijmah
It is an agreement of opinion by the learned jurists’ to come up with a certain solution to a
problem.
It expresses the unanimous consensus by the learned jurist on a matter affecting/relating to
Sharia.
The Qur’an exhorts man to ‘reflect’ to ‘understand’ to have sense. This shows that mankind is
urged to apply reason and to exercise judgment.
The Prophet himself followed /put into practice the principle of reason and judgment in religious
matters when there was no express direction given in the Qur’an. Example is when he chose the
methods of calling people to prayer (Adhan) and when he sent Ibn Jabal to Yemen.
iii) Analogical Deduction
Qiyas means measuring by comparison.
It is also a legal principal introduced in order to arrive at logical conclusion /verdict/ judgment of a
certain law on a certain issue.
If a case comes up for decision which is not expressly provided for either in the Qur’an or Sunnah,
the jurists / scholars look for a similar case in the Qur’an or Sunnah and by reasoning on the basis
of analogy arrive at a decision /verdict judgment e.g. punishment given to those who drink alcohol.
Kavungya answered the question on March 29, 2019 at 11:42
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