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Introduction
Everyone in life gets what is due to them depending on the effort they make and their commitment towards achieving a certain end. People who refuse to take responsibility end up losing what they would have. benefitted from. (Accept any other relevant introduction) = 2 marks.
Introduction should confirm that the candidate understands the question.
It can be - A paraphrase
- An outline
- Contextualized
- A general introduction
- Specific to general introduction
Body / content
i) Dispute over a farm land
- In the prologue, we see a dispute over a farm land.
- Two commune groups; the fruit growing commune and the goat herding commune claim ownership of a farm land.
- A delegate has been sent to arbitrate over the issue.
- The fruit growers get the farmland because they have an irrigation plan and hopes to make the land more productive.
ii)
- Governor Georgi Abashwili is motivated by greed and materialism hence ends up being beheaded.
- He has no feelings to the many beggars and petitioners who crowd the entrance of the church.
- He plans to meet an architect to plan to construct a new East Wing to the palace and ignores a messenger from the capital
who has important military news.
- Prince Arsen Kazbeki stages a coup against the Grand Duke and his Governor. The Governor is hence arrested and beheaded.
- Because of his greed, he loses his life thus getting what he deserves.
iii) Natella lacks motherly love and instinct, hence ends up losing her baby Michael.
- During the coup, she orders a servant to place Michael on the floor so that she (the servant) can pack up Natella?s essentials.
- All along she pays attention to her clothes and shoes and not Michael.
- Grusha is the only one who is human enough to remain behind and look after the baby till dawn and opts to take him with her.
(pg 29)
- Grusha sacrifices alot for the sake of the baby - buys milk from a peasants? cottage using her weeks pay - 2 piaster?s - after
attempting to breastfeed him (pg 32)
- Grusha risks her life by crossing a rotten bridge.
- Eventually because of lack of motherly love, Natella loses the baby, she gets what she deserves.
iv) The Chalk Circle
- Natella wants the baby Michael after two years for the sake of reclaiming her husband?s estate.
………. She had no single thought for the child for two years.
- To decide who really loves the child as a mother, Azdak uses the test of the Chalk Circle in which Grusha declines to pull the
child violently, saying that she had brought him up and as such cannot tear him into bits. (pg 98)
- Natella through her lawyer reveals her true intention of her dire need of taking Michael back.
Her second lawyer states categorically that her estate is closed to her as it is tied to the heir (pg 92, 97)
- Despite being Michael's biological mother, she dearly needs him for what the governor has left behind in his son?s name.
- Grusha on the other hand has brought up the child, he wants to teach him how to speak all the words.
- Both Grusha and Natella get what each deserves.
- Natella's estates fall to the city and they are converted into a playground for the children.
- Grusha is told to take the child and be off v) Simon and Grusha get to marry.
- Grusha initially is forced to marry Jussup by her brother Lavrenti and sister- in-law, Aniko.
- She greatly loves Simon but because her brother?s wife is “religious” she gets married to Jussup to uphold their reputation.
- Azdak eventually divorces Grusha from Jussup allowing her to marry her long-time friend.
- Simon has been patiently waiting to marry her but after the war returns to find her married to Jussup.
- Inspite of this, Simon supports her as she fights for the child.
- So, when Grusha?s forced marriage is terminated, the two are left free to marry (pg 98)
- They get what they deserve.
vi) Azdak passes judgement in favour of the poor although he receives bribes from the rich.
- Azdak was sympathetic to the poor and was termed as the poor man?s magistrate (pg 79)
He broke rules to save the poor.
- Thus Azdak fines the rich invalid, the blackmailer, the innkeeper and the farmer all of whom have wealth and land.
( The chalk circle is also a good illustration to the point)
They all get what they deserve.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we can say that in the text, the Caucacian Chalk Circle, the direction each character takes is dependent on his relationship with others. Unless we take responsibility, finding meaning in life will elude us.
marto answered the question on April 4, 2019 at 05:51
- Akawala akaawa kaawa kaawa akaawa kawa (Buganda)
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(a) Identify the genre above.
(b) With illustrations, identify...(Solved)
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(a) Identify the genre above.
(b) With illustrations, identify any aspect of style used in the above genre.
(c) Give your own example of the genre above.
(d) Briefly explain any two functions of the genre
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- 'Society places great expectations on women,' with reference to Wangui wa Goro's Heaven and Earth, write a composition in support of this observation(Solved)
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- Macmillan (Ed.), Half a day and other stories
With illustrations from Fatmata Conteth's short story 'Letter to my Sisters', show how traditions have been used to...(Solved)
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- Outline the Techniques of narration.(Solved)
Outline the Techniques of narration.
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Give two problems you are likely to encounter when collecting oral literature genre. How would you solve these problems?(Solved)
Give two problems you are likely to encounter when collecting oral literature genre. How would you solve these problems?
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Read and answer the questions to the narrative below.(Solved)
JACKAL AND HEN
This is a story that the old people tell. They say that hen flew to the top of a stack of wheat one day to find food. From where she stood on the stack she could see far out over the fields. She could see far and she saw Jackal coming from afar. She saw him coming towards her, she saw him out of the corner of her eyes, but when he came closer she did not look up at all. She went on hunting for food.
'Good morning, mother of mine,' Jackal greeted her.
'Yes, I greet you,' she replied.
'Are you still living?' He asked, according to the correct way in which one person greets another.
'Yes, I am still living. And you? Are you still living also?'
'Yes, I too am still living, mother, 'he replied. And then he asked as the custom was, 'Did you wake well this morning?'
And she answered, as it is proper, 'Yes, I woke well.'
And all the while he was talking, talking, talking, Jackal was looking closely at hen and saw that she was young and that her flesh would taste sweet. He thought of how he would get at her. But now she was standing on top of that stack of wheat, where he could not reach her. He could not get hold of her at all, not while she was on top of the stack of wheat, and would have to think of a way to get her down.
Jackal had many plans. He was a man who was not just a little bit clever. No, he was very clever. He asked her. 'Mother, have you heard of that there is peace among everybody on earth? One animal may not catch another animal any more, because of that peace.
'Peace?' She asked.
'Yes, mother, peace. The chiefs called together a big meeting, and at that meeting they decided this business of peace on all the earth.'
'Oh yes,' said hen. But she wondered about it. She wondered whether this Jackal could be telling the truth. He was a man with many clever stories, and many times those clever stories were nothing but lies.
'You say there is peace now?' 'Yes, mother. The big peace. There has never been such a big peace. You can safely come down from that stack of wheat. Then we can talk about the matter nicely. We shall take snuff together. Come down. Mother! Remember the peace!'
But hen was not quite as stupid as Jackal thought she was. She wanted to make sure first that Jackal was telling the truth and that he was not telling her lies again. She turned around and looked far out over the fields behind her. Then she went to stand on the highest point of the stack and kept staring out over the fields until Jackal asked: 'What is it that you see from up there that you stare so: me?'
'What do I see? Why do you want to know what I see? It does not matter what I see, for there is no danger anymore for any animal on earth. Is it not peace among the animals? It is only a pack of dogs that are running towards us.'
“Dogs! A pack of dogs!' he cried. And his fear was very great. 'Then I shall have to greet you, mother. I am a man who has a lot of work waiting.'
'Kekekeke!' hen laughed. 'I thought it was peace among all animals on earth? Have you forgotten it? The dogs will do nothing to harm you. 'Why do you want to run away, grandfather?' I don’t think this pack of dogs came to the meeting on peace!' and jackal ran so fast that the dust rose in great clouds from the road behind him.
'Kekekeke!' laughed hen, for then she knew the story of the peace was just a big lie. And she knew that if she had taken snuff with that fellow he would have caught her so she made up a story herself and with it she had caught him beautifully.
'Kekekeke!' she laughed. 'I caught the story teller with another story.' And that is the end of this story
a) State the category of this Oral narrative and give a reason for your answer. (2mks
b) What does the conversation between the Jackal and Hen in the first part of the narrative reveal about the social conduct of the community in which this story originated? (2mks)
c) Compare and contrast the character of Hen and Jackal. (4mks)
d) Quoting examples from the story to support your answer, identify four features that are characteristic of oral narratives. (4mks)
e) List and illustrate two techniques of narrative more interesting if it were told orally.
f) Give two problems you are likely to encounter when collecting this type of oral literature genre. How would you solve these problems?
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Read the following oral narrative and answer the questions that follow(Solved)
Read the following oral narrative and answer the questions that follow
JACKAL AND HEN
This is a story that the old people tell. They say that hen flew to the top of a stack of wheat one day to find food. From where she stood on the stack she could see far out over the fields. She could see far and she saw Jackal coming from afar. She saw him coming towards her, she saw him out of the corner of her eyes, but when he came closer she did not look up at all. She went on hunting for food.
'Good morning, mother of mine,' Jackal greeted her.
'Yes, I greet you,' she replied.
'Are you still living?' He asked, according to the correct way in which one person greets another.
'Yes, I am still living. And you? Are you still living also?'
'Yes, I too am still living, mother, 'he replied. And then he asked as the custom was, 'Did you wake well this morning?'
And she answered, as it is proper, 'Yes, I woke well.'
And all the while he was talking, talking, talking, Jackal was looking closely at hen and saw that she was young and that her flesh would taste sweet. He thought of how he would get at her. But now she was standing on top of that stack of wheat, where he could not reach her. He could not get hold of her at all, not while she was on top of the stack of wheat, and would have to think of a way to get her down.
Jackal had many plans. He was a man who was not just a little bit clever. No, he was very clever. He asked her. 'Mother, have you heard of that there is peace among everybody on earth? One animal may not catch another animal any more, because of that peace.
'Peace?' She asked.
'Yes, mother, peace. The chiefs called together a big meeting, and at that meeting they decided this business of peace on all the earth.'
'Oh yes,' said hen. But she wondered about it. She wondered whether this Jackal could be telling the truth. He was a man with many clever stories, and many times those clever stories were nothing but lies.
'You say there is peace now?
'Yes, mother. The big peace. There has never been such a big peace. You can safely come down from that stack of wheat. Then we can talk about the matter nicely. We shall take snuff together. Come down. Mother! Remember the peace!'
But hen was not quite as stupid as Jackal thought she was. She wanted to make sure first that Jackal was telling the truth and that he was not telling her lies again. She turned around and looked far out over the fields behind her. Then she went to stand on the highest point of the stack and kept staring out over the fields until Jackal asked: 'What is it that you see from up there that you stare so: me?'
'What do I see? Why do you want to know what I see? It does not matter what I see, for there is no danger anymore for any animal on earth. Is it not peace among the animals? It is only a pack of dogs that are running towards us.'
'Dogs! A pack of dogs!' he cried. And his fear was very great. 'Then I shall have to greet you, mother. I am a man who has a lot of work waiting.'
'Kekekeke!' hen laughed. 'I thought it was peace among all animals on earth? Have you forgotten it? The dogs will do nothing to harm you. 'Why do you want to run away, grandfather?' I don’t think this pack of dogs came to the meeting on peace!' and jackal 'Kekekeke!' laughed hen, for then she knew the story of the peace was just a big lie. And she knew that if she had taken snuff with that fellow he would have caught her so she made up a story herself and with it she had caught him beautifully.
'Kekekeke!' she laughed. 'I caught the story teller with another story.' And that is the end of this story
a) State the category of this Oral narrative and give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
b) What does the conversation between the Jackal and Hen in the first part of the narrative reveal about the social conduct of the community in which this story originated? (2mks)
c) Compare and contrast the character of Hen and Jackal. (4mks)
d) Quoting examples from the story to support your answer, identify four features that are characteristic of oral narratives. (4mks)
e) List and illustrate two techniques of narrative more interesting if it were told orally.
f) Give two problems you are likely to encounter when collecting this type of oral literature genre. How would you solve these problems? (4mks)
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow.(Solved)
Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow.
THE BEARD
By Proscovia Rwakyaka
In the pulpit he swayed and turned
Leaned forward, backward
His solemn voice echoed,
Lowly the congregation followed;
'Do you love your neighbour?'
Meekly they bow at his keen eye
Now examining a grey head
Hearing under her sobs.
His heart kept assured
'Her sins weigh on her'
So with her he chats outside;
'Weep not, child you are pardoned,'
'But sir, your beard conjured up
The spirit of my dead goat!'
a) Identify and describe two speakers in this poem. Illustrate your answer with evidence from the poem. (4mks)
b) Relate the title of the poem to what exactly happens in this poem, supporting your answer with specific examples from it. (4mks)
c) Referring closely to the poem, identify and explain how the poet develops any two moods in the poem. (8mks)
d) Comment on the lines
‘His heart kept assured
'Her sins weigh on her'. (4mks)
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Read the oral Narrative below and answer the questions that follow(Solved)
Read the oral Narrative below and answer the questions that follow
THE WARRIOR WHO HAD EIGHT LOVERS
A long time ago there was a warrior whose bravery and handsome looks made the girls of the village fall in love with him. Eight girls, at least, were known to want to marry the young warrior, for they had composed many songs in his praise.
Now, this warrior was one time getting ready to go on alone raid in faraway country. Before he set off for the raid, he called the youngest of his eight lovers and told her to put fresh milk in a small guard. He also instructed her to keep checking on the colour of the milk every day.” Should the milk turn red, “ the warrior told the girl, ‘ it would mean that I have been killed or I am seriously wounded.’
The young girl was so touched by the departure of her lover that she composed the following song for him.
My warrior whom I love
For whom I open the sweet curdled
Milk of my father’s herd,
And to whom I give fat rams
Of my father to slaughter,
To whom I give my slender
Thighs to lie on,
With whom are you going on a raid next?
It happened that many days after the departure of the warrior, the girl noticed that the milk was turning red. She wept bitterly, for she knew that her lover was either dead or dying in a faraway country. Without telling anyone, the girl set off to look for her dying lover.
For many days she traveled, and as she walked through plains and forests she sang the song she had composed for her warrior. She travelled on and as she travelled she checked the colour of the milk in the gourd. Each day that she saw the milk turn a little more red, she traveled faster. And each day she hoped that she would find her lover alive.
On the ninth day the girl sang louder and louder as she traveled. Each time she sang she would listen to hear if their was any reply. Any as she listened at one time, she heard a faint voice. There was no mistake about it. It was her lover’s voice. She ran and ran and after a while she found her lover. He was extremely weak and badly wounded. When the dying warrior saw her, he told her; ‘When I am finished, you take my attire and weapons home. When you get a son give them to him And with that the warrior seemed to be dying.
But the girl did not listen to him, she quickly looked for water and washed his wounds. And after that she began to look for food for him. It did not take long before she saw a deer passing by. With her lover’s spear she killed it, and wasted the meat for her lover. For many months the young women washed the wounds of her lover and fed him until he was well again.
Back at home everybody thought that the young woman and her lover were dead, and they insisted that their death rites be performed. However, the father of the warrior kept postponing the death rites. But at last the old man agreed to perform the rites because his youngest son was to be circumcised, and could not be circumcised before the rites were performed.
So preparations for the death rites for the lost warrior were made. But on the morning of the day that the rites were to be performed, and as people were gathering, one of the people in the gathering heard a war song coming from the other side of the valley. He asked other people to listen. The father of the warrior could not mistake his son’s voice. He was almost crying as he gazed on the other side of the valley. The singing voice became clearer and before long the warrior and his lover emerged, driving a large herd of cattle. The bells that were tied around the necks of the oxen played to the tune of the war song.
There was great rejoicing as people ran to meet the lost warrior and his young lover. On their arrival back home a big bull was slaughtered and there was a great feast. People at and drank. And the warrior and his lover were married. The two became man and wife and lived happily. And my story ends.
From Oral Literature. A Junior Course
By A. Bukenya and M. Gachanja,
Longhorn Kenya.
Questions
1. What kind of a narrative is this? (2mks)
2. Identify two instances of repetition in the passage (2mks)
3. What are the character traits of? (4mks)
(i) the warrior
(ii) the youngest lover
4. Give two functions of the song. (2mks)
5. Show instances of irony in the passage (2mks)
6. What are the economic activities of this community? (2mks
7. Which devices have been used to start and end this story? What are their functions? (4mks)
8. With one proverb, summarize the teaching or moral lesson in the story. (2mks)
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)
- Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow.(Solved)
Read the narrative below and answer the questions that follow.
THE CRUEL STEP – MOTHER
Once upon a time, there was a man and wife who had a baby girl. Unfortunately, the wife died and so, the man married again. He got another girl with the second wife.
The two girls became extremely close, so close that whenever the mother sent one on an errand, the other was sure to accompany her. The mother, however, did not like the child of the deceased. She would always show her dislike by denying her certain favours. Her feelings became so bad that she decided to get rid of the girl. To do this, she dug a hole in her bedroom on a day when the husband was absent and covered the hole with a cow’s hide. She then called her daughter and sent her to the house of a friend some kilometers away. As usual, the two girls wanted to go together but the woman refused, giving the excuse that she wanted to send the other one elsewhere.
After the departure of her daughter, she called the other girl and sent her for her snuffbox in the bedroom. Unaware of what lay ahead, the girl eagerly rushed into the room only to fall into a hole! The mother very quickly filled the hole with soil, completely disregarding the girl’s screams for help.
When the daughter came back, she merely assumed that the absence of her dear companion was justified. After hours of waiting, she, however, became impatient and questioned the mother.
‘Where is my sister?’ she asked.
‘But she followed you. As soon as she did what I wanted, she ran after you. Now stop bothering me,’ the mother retorted.
Time passed and the now anxious girl went round calling out the name of the other one, but all in vain. Alas…. She cried the whole night and the next day and refused to touch any food. The father helped in the search but to no avail.
After three days, the girl still cried and called the other one. She then heard a very weak voice responding in song:
Maalya Maalya
Maalya Maalya
Na mwenyu niwe mwai iiee malya,
Ekwinza muthiko iiee malya,
Wakwisa kunthika iiee malya
Wakwisa kunthika iiee malya
(Maalya Maalya
And your mother is the wise one iiee malya,
She dug a grave iiee malya,
For interring me in iiee malya.)
The girl dashed towards the direction of the voice, repeated her cries and again go the same response. She came to the conclusion that whoever was responding was definitely underground somewhere in the house. Immediately theThe husband then explained the truth of the matter and told his in-laws to take their daughter with them. They said that if that was what she had done to the girl, they couldn’t have such a monster in their house. The woman was disowned by all and chased away.
QUESTIONS
(a) To which audience and when can such a story be told? (2 mks)
(b) Explain three features of style employed in the narrative . (6 mks)
c) Contrast the character of the mother and her blood daughter. (4 mks)
(d) Explain two problems you are likely to encounter when collecting materials for such a genre. (4 mks)
(e) What does the author mean by the following sentences as used in the passage?
(i) 'When the daughter came back, she merely assumed that the absence of her dear companion was justified.' (1mk)
(ii) And your mother is the wise one iiee Malya. (1mk)
(f) What is the moral lesson of this narrative? (2mks)
Date posted: March 21, 2019. Answers (1)