- Electromotive force (E.m.f) refers to voltage across the terminals of a battery in an open circuit (when no current flows in the circuit).
- Potential difference (Pd) refers to the voltage across the terminals of a battery in a closed circuit (when current is flowing in the circuit).
- Potential difference and E.m.f are measured in volts by an instrument called voltmeter. A voltmeter is always connected in parallel (across).
- The difference between Potential difference and E.m.f is known as lost voltage
- This voltage is lost because of the opposition to the flow of charges within the cell (internal resistance)
Wilfykil answered the question on April 15, 2019 at 07:59
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