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Policy options in relation to these various types of property rights include:
- policies entailing reallocation of resource property rights between public, communal and private ownership;
- policies relating to the redistribution of privately owned resources among private individuals;
- policies that govern the utilization of open access, state and common property resources; and
- policies to establish and enforce procedures to encourage the efficient and sustainable use of resources.
All four types of policy interventions are likely to have impacts on sustainability, efficiency and equity. Moreover, particularly for the first two, where there is change of ownership, the full impacts of a particular policy may be difficult to predict and may not necessarily be positive for all three criteria. By their very nature, changes in property rights are likely to make some individuals better off and others worse off, meaning, as noted earlier, that such policies are often politically sensitive and divisive.
A change to property rights may be justified when present rights are leading to degradation of an open access or common property resource through over-use.
Kavungya answered the question on April 30, 2019 at 11:25
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