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Briefly discuss the tests for inference.

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There must be some reasonable, secure connection between reasons and the conclusion if the premises are to justify the conclusion. A link we can understand and accept.

Even if the premises are true or acceptable but there are other relevant considerations that can make the conclusion to be false, or unacceptable, then the inference is not good.

FALLACIES

A fallacy is a mistake in reasoning; it is simply mistakes that occurs in arguments and affect their cogency.
Arguments that may seem to be correct but upon careful examination they are not. -Fallacious arguments are normally deceptive.

Equivocation

Equivocation arise when we confuse the different senses a word or phrase may have using them in different senses in the same context. In the context of an argument this is called fallacy of equivocation. The main aim is either to hide the truth or to mislead the listener. Examples:
The end of a thing is its perfection. Death is the end of life. Hence death is the perfection of life.

Amphiboly.

I n language this occurs when we cannot readily determine the meaning because of either the words being arranged awkwardly or loosely. In the context of argument fallacy of amphiboly is committed when it is stated as premise on interpretation which makes it true and conclusion is deduced on the basis of interpretation that makes it false. Example:
Croesus king of wanted to go to war with king Cyrus of Persia. He went to consult the oracles who told him; If you go to war with Persia you will destroy a mighty kingdom

Accent

refers to emphases that generate multiple (and often misleading) interpretations. E.g. Newspaper headlines, contracts and deceptive entry forms are frequent sources of fallacies of accent.
Inductive Fallacies occur when the inductive probability of an argument (i.e. the probability of its conclusion given the premises) is low or at least lower than the arguer thinks it is.
Hasty generalization means inferring a conclusion about an entire class

marto answered the question on April 30, 2019 at 12:07

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Briefly discuss the tests for inference.

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