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a) Political background
Israelites were exiled during the reign Of Nebuchadnezzar.
In 539 BC Cyrus king of Persia conquered Babylon.
King Cyrus allowed conquered people religious freedom but to pay him tributes.
King Cyrus later gave a decree which allowed Israelites to return to Judah and
also to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple (Ezra 6:3-5). .
The first group was led by Joshua the high priest and laid the foundation of the
temple. This was in 538 BC.
The second group travelled to Judah under the leadership of Ezra in 458BC. (Ezra 6).
The third group travelled to Judah under the leadership of Nehemiah in 444BC (Neh5:14).
Nehemiah led the Israelites in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem and gave the Jews their sense of pride again.
The Israelites remained Persian subjects until the Romans conquered them.
The monarchy was taken over by chief priest.
As exiles in a foreign land they took some time to get integrated in the new land.
They retained their ethnic and religious identity; and maintained links with those who returned to Judah through material donations. There was intermarriage of Israelites and foreigners.
Some of the Jews engaged in trading activities and later became wealthy. These later oppressed the poor
b)Religious background
In exile the Babylonians allowed the Israelites to go on with their religious activities and community life.
On return to Judah they rebuild the altar and the temple. Under the leadership of Ezra, they received their covenant with God with great
rejoicing. Nehemiah led all the religious reforms and the cleansing of the temple and ensured people followed the law of Moses.
Jackson22 answered the question on May 1, 2019 at 16:50
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