Etiology,
Clostridial tetani toxin (nervous system poison)
Species affected
Horses, donkey, sheep, occasionally of cattle, goats, pigs and humans, and rarely of dogs and cats
Transmission and pathogenesis
Entry of bacteria through; deep puncture wounds; Genital tract at the time of parturition (in cattle); Castration wounds in lambs and pigs; Shearing wounds; Docking (tail cutting) wounds and Vaccination wounds
Bacilli deposited in wounds with low oxygen tension/levels proliferate and produce neurotoxin (toxins affecting nervous system). The neurotoxin will pass up peripheral nerves. The toxins will eventually reach the central nervous system. Tetanus toxin acts on the central nervous system primarily by irreversibly blocking inhibitory neurons which prevent the contraction of a muscle or groups of muscles when the antagonistic muscles contract
There are no structural lesions that are produced in the nerves. The lesions are purely biochemical and the result is presynaptic blockade of gamma-aminobutyric acid or glycine release at inhibitory synapses on motor neurones. These results in a state of constant muscular spasticity.
Clinical signs
Rigid muscles, stiff gait (walking), lock jaw, painful urination, muscle spasms, third eye prolapsed, stiff held tail, alert, erect ears, drooling saliva, constipation, retained urine, then recumbence, convulsions, sweating
Diagnosis
History of injury or surgery, laboratory tests, clinical signs,
Treatment and control
Nursing care, wound care, sedate and calm animal, penicilins, tetanus antitoxins, shade and minimum noise
Kavungya answered the question on May 6, 2019 at 11:36
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